Basic Life Support

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Basic Life Support
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Introduction
The OSU College of Dentistry often deals with
life and death situations. Being fully prepared
for these events both in and out of the college
is a very important part of our jobs. The
purpose of this CBL is to familiarize students
with the necessary components to successfully
complete a renewal course in Basic Life Support
with the New 2010 Guidelines.
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Menu
For best comprehension, complete this course in
the sequence it was written by clicking on the
next button on each slide. If you would like to
go back to review a section again click the links
below to jump to selected topics in this
program.
C A B 1 and 2 Person Adult CPR CPR and the Use
of an AED CPR in Children Adult/Child Choking 1
and 2 Person Infant CPR Infant Choking
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Critical Components of CPR

• The earlier the need for CPR is established and
  help arrives the chances for survival are
  increased by 50.
• Once unresponsiveness has been determined and
  help has been called - begin the steps of CPR.
• Check for Pulse for no more than 10 seconds
• Begin compressions (if no pulse or unsure)
• After 30 Compressions open airway and deliver 2
  breaths
• Use an AED as soon as one becomes available.

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C Compressions

• C stands for Compressions
• Place hands in the center of the chest between
  the nipple line on the lower half of the sternum

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A Stands for Airway

• Open the airway with the head tilt chin lift and
  deliver 2 breaths
• Look for chest rise

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B- Breathing

• After 30 compressions give 2 breaths

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Compressions

• With a ratio of 302 we are trying to achieve a
  compression rate of at least 100 beats per
  minute.
• Compress the chest hard and fast at a depth of at
  least 2 inches

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Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

• 4 Universal steps to follow
• Turn on (voice prompts will tell you what to do)
• Attach pads to patients bare chest looking at
  picture placement on pad (choose correct pads
  adult or pediatric)
• Remove medication patches and wipe skin
• Do not apply pads over pacemakers/internal
  defibrillators (noted as a lump on top of the
  chest) place pad 1 inch away
• May need to remove chest hair if pads do not
  attach firmly on chest
• Connect cord to AED
• Stand back from the patient so the AED can
  analyze the rhythm
• AED will advise if a shock is needed Make sure
  to clear the patient (no one is touching the
  patient) and press the shock button

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AED Considerations

• With the 2010 Guidelines we now use an AED on the
  Adult, Child, and Infant victim as soon as it is
  available.
• Pediatric pads cannot be use on adult victims.
• Adult pads can be use on all victims, if they
  are the only pads available (they should be
  placed front to back on infants).
• Once the AED shocks the victim, chest
  compressions are resumed immediately.

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2 Person CPR

• While rescuer A is performing compressions,
  rescuer B maintains open airway and performs
  ventilations.
• Ratio is still 302
• Switch back and forth minimizing interruptions-
  chest compressions are fatiguing.
• Switch compressors every 2 minutes

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Universal Steps of CPR

• Assess responsiveness (are you okay)- if no
  response and no effective respirations call for
  help , activate the emergency response system ,
  and get an AED.
• Check for pulse if no pulse- begin chest
  compressions
• After one cycle of 30 chest compressions, open
  the airway and give 2 breaths
• Use the AED as soon as it is available no matter
  where you are in the sequence.
• Ratio 30 2

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Special Considerations

• As a lone rescuer a bag valve mask device is not
  recommended as a ventilation device
• Once an advanced airway is in place (eg. ET tube,
  LMA), CPR is continued at a rate of at least 100
  compressions per minute and ventilations are
  continued at 1 breath every 6-8 seconds.
• You must assure that the scene is safe prior to
  attending to a potential victim.

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CPR In Children

• Modifications of CPR in Children include
• Amount of air for breaths
• Depth of compressions (at least 1/3 the depth of
  the chest or approximately 2 inches)
• Chest compressions may be done with one hand
• AED
• 2 person CPR in children the ratio becomes 152
• In an unwitnessed arrest of a child perform CPR
  for 2min. Or 5 cycles before calling 911

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Infant CPR

• Determine unresponsiveness (stimulate rub or
  smack the bottom of the feet) do not shake and
  shout
• If the infant is unresponsive, check for a
  brachial pulse
• If there is no pulse, or the rate is less than
  60 with signs of poor perfusion, begin chest
  compressions.
• After 30 compressions open the airway and give 2
  breaths.
• Apply the AED as soon as it is available

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Infant Compressions and Breathing

• Compressions are performed at a rate of at least
  100 beats per minute
• The ratio is 30 2 in one rescuer CPR.
• The compressions should be performed with 2
  fingers placed between the nipple line and the
  chest should be compressed at least 1/3 the depth
  of the chest or approximately 1½ inches.
• When performing breathing in an infant give just
  enough air to achieve visible chest rise.

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2 Rescuer CPR in Infants

• When performing 2 rescuer CPR on an infant, the
  rescuer has the option of using the 2
  thumbs-encircling hands technique.
• This technique allows one rescuer to be at the
  infants head for breaths and the other rescuer to
  be at the feet for compressions.
• In 2 person CPR in infants the ratio becomes 152
  (10 cycles-2 person)
• In an unwitnessed arrest of an infant perform 2
  minutes or 5 cycles of CPR before calling 911
  getting AED.

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Choking

• Cases of Choking can be mild or severe.
• If the victim is coughing , and air is moving,
  let them continue to cough.
• If the victim is unable to speak, moving no air,
  and has no cough, they have severe airway
  obstruction.
• Begin Abdominal Thrusts!

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Choking continued

• Perform abdominal thrusts until the victim either
  expels the item or becomes unresponsive.
• Once the choking individual becomes unresponsive
  begin CPR- starting with chest compressions.
• After compressions, and before giving breaths,
  open the airway and check to see if anything is
  in the mouth. If you see something, take it
  out, and then give 2 breaths.
• We no longer perform blind finger sweeps.

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Infant Choking

• To clear an infants airway we perform a series of
  5 back slaps followed by 5 chest thrusts.
• Hold the infant prone, resting on your forearm
  with the head slightly lower than the chest.
• Support the infants head with your hand, and
  deliver 5 forceful back slaps with the heel of
  your hand between the infants shoulder blades.
• Rotate the infant over and deliver 5 quick
  downward chest thrusts (deliver these in the same
  location as you would do compressions).

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Infant Choking Continued

• Continue performing alternating sets of back
  slaps and chest thrusts until the infant expels
  the object or becomes unresponsive.
• Once the infant becomes unresponsive begin the
  steps of CPR starting with chest compressions.
  Before giving breaths, open the airway and look
  for an object. If you see something remove it ,
  do not perform a blind finger sweep.

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In Summary

• We hope that you have learned the steps of BLS
  for the Healthcare Provider.
• By completing this CBL you should be able to
  perform the skills necessary to maintain you
  certification in BLS.
• Remember good CPR is saving more and more lives
  everyday.

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Exit Instructions

• We hope this Computer Based Learning course has
  been both informative and helpful. Feel free to
  review the screens of this course until you are
  confident about your knowledge of the material
  presented.

• Select Exit to close the student Interface.