Adjective, Adverb, and Noun Clauses

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Adjective, Adverb, and Noun Clauses

• Identifying
• Writing
• Combining

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• A complex sentence is made up of an independent
  clause and a dependent clause.

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• Example
• The television was playing (independent clause
  which can stand alone and make sense) as I left
  the room (dependent clause which must be attached
  to the independent clause to make sense).

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• There are three kinds of dependent clauses
• adjective clause
• adverb clause
• noun clause

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Adverb Clause

• An adverb clause is a dependent clause that
  modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It
  usually modifies the verb.

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• Adverb clauses are introduced by subordinate
  conjunctions including after, although, as, as
  if, before, because, if, since, so that, than,
  though, unless, until, when, where, and while.
• These are just some of the more common ones.

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Example

• They arrived before the game had ended.
• "before the game had ended" is the adverb clause
  modifying the verb arrived telling when.

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Write the adverb clauses from the following
sentences and the word they modify.

• 1. You clean the bathroom while I clean the
  carpet.
• 2. Ann was confident that she would play the
  best.
• 3. Bring in the toys before they get destroyed.
• 4. I stood on the box so that I could see the top
  of the shelf.
• 5. Your face becomes red when you are angry.

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Answers

• 1. while I clean the carpet modifies the verb
  clean
• 2. that she would play the best modifies the
  predicate adjective confident
• 3. before they get destroyed modifies the verb
  bring
• 4. so that I could see the top of the shelf
  modifies the verb stood
• 5. when you are angry modifies the verb becomes

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• Sometimes the adverb clause is placed at the
  beginning of the sentence.
• When it introduces the sentence, it is always set
  off with a comma.

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Example

• Before the game had ended, they arrived.

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Write the adverb clauses in the following
sentences and the word they modify.

• 1. When you came from the garage, did you see the
  mower there?
• 2. Because the field was muddy, the game had to
  be cancelled.
• 3. Although you should return to class, just wait
  here for me.
• 4. As I sat motionless, the two squirrels came
  closer and closer.
• 5. Since I can spare only a few minutes, please
  be brief with your presentation.

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Answers

• 1. When you came from the garage modifies the
  verb did see
• 2. Because the field was muddy modifies the
  verbal to be cancelled
• 3. Although you should return to class modifies
  the verb wait
• 4. As I sat motionless modifies the verb came
• 5. Since I can spare only a few minutes modifies
  the predicate adjective brief

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Elliptical Clauses

• Than and as introduce clauses that are called
  elliptical clauses.
• That is, they have some of their parts understood
  but not stated.

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Example

• You are smarter than I. (am smart.)
• They always modify the comparative word
  (smarter).

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Complete the elliptical adverb clauses in the
following sentences and write the words they
modify.

• 1. My dog is older than I.
• 2. Jim can run faster than Jeff.
• 3. Pam spells more accurately than she keyboards.
• 4. He is trying harder than James.
• 5. Barbara is a better tennis player than Jeanne.

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Answers

• 1. My dog is older than I am old. than I am old
  modifies the predicate adjective older
• 2. Jim can run faster than Jeff can run fast.
  than Jeff can run fast modifies the adverb faster
• 3. Pam spells more accurately than she keyboards
  accurately. than she keyboards accurately
  modifies the adverb more accurately
• 4. He is trying harder than James is trying hard.
  as James is trying hard modifies the adverb
  harder
• 5. Barbara is a better tennis player than Jeanne
  is a tennis player. than Jeanne is a good tennis
  player modifies the adjective better

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Write the adverb clauses in the following
sentences and the words they modify.

• 1. Although I became tired, I enjoyed the hike.
• 2. You cannot become an expert driver until you
  drive for several years.
• 3. Buy that coat now because it might be sold
  tomorrow.
• 4. I cannot reach the top window unless I have a
  ladder.
• 5. After you have eaten lunch, we will leave for
  New York.

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Answers

• 1. Although I became tired modifies the verb
  enjoyed
• 2. until you drive for several years modifies the
  verb can become
• 3. because it might be sold tomorrow modifies the
  verb buy
• 4. unless I have a ladder modifies the verb can
  reach
• 5. After you have eaten lunch modifies the verb
  will leave

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Write the adverb clauses from the following
sentences and the words they modify.

• 1. Ila reads music better than Becky.
• 2. The dog whined sadly as I walked into the
  house.
• 3. If you have time, finish doing the dishes for
  me.
• 4. Many operations are unsuccessful because the
  patient is not careful afterwards.
• 5. Whenever I go out the door, the dog barks to
  go also.

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Answers

• 1. than Becky (can read music well) modifies the
  adverb better
• 2. as I walked into the house modifies the verb
  whined
• 3. If you have time modifies the verb finish
• 4. because the patient in not careful afterwards
  modifies the predicate adjective unsuccessful
• 5. Whenever I go out the door modifies the verb
  barks

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Find the adverb clauses in the following
sentences and the words they modify.

• 1. I am hungrier than I thought.
• 2. We left before the game was over.
• 3. Lee is older than Bill.
• 4. While I waited for the phone call, I read a
  book.
• 5. If you don't believe me, ask my wife.
• 6. Are you upset because I didn't call?
• 7. The alarm rang while I was in the shower.
• 8. Open the window so that we can have fresh air.
• 9. Paul will take you home when you are ready.
• 10. You shouldn't say those things unless you are
  certain about their validity.

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Answers

• 1. than I thought modifies the predicate
  adjective hungrier
• 2. before the game was over modifies the verb
  left
• 3. than Bill (is old) modifies the predicate
  adjective older
• 4. While I waited for the phone call modifies the
  verb read
• 5. If you don't believe me modifies the verb ask
• 6. because I didn't call modifies the predicate
  adjective upset
• 7. while I was in the shower modifies the verb
  rang
• 8. so that we can have fresh air modifies the
  verb open
• 9. when you are ready modifies the verb will take
• 10. unless you are certain about their validity
  modifies the verb should say

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• Adverb clauses can give variety to your sentences.

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Combine the following sentences using adverb
clauses at the end of the sentence.

• 1. We watched the robins. They raised their young
  in our apple tree.
• 2. Becky read the book. It was recommended by a
  friend.
• 3. Dad donates his suits to charity. He has worn
  them a year.
• 4. The policemen delayed the drivers. The wrecks
  were cleared.
• 5. Ann ate an apple. She studied her vocabulary.

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Answers

• Several different subordinate conjunctions can be
  used to combine adverb clauses with independent
  clauses. These answers show only one possibility.
• 1. We watched the robins while they raised their
  young in our apple tree.
• 2. Becky read the book since it was recommended
  by a friend.
• 3. Dad donates his suits to charity after he has
  worn them a year.
• 4. The policemen delayed the drivers until the
  wrecks were cleared.
• 5. Ann ate an apple as she studied her vocabulary.

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Combine the following sentences using adverb
clauses at the beginning of the sentence.

• 1. Frank started medical training. He drove a
  forklift for a living.
• 2. The rains had started the mud slides. The
  homes were not safe to live in.
• 3. Older people love to sit in the park. They
  feed the birds and visit.
• 4. I enjoyed camping out. I was much younger.
• 5. Joe recognized the man. The man had stopped
  his car to help.

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Answers

• Several different subordinate conjunctions can be
  used to combine adverb clauses with independent
  clauses, but I will only show one possibility.
• 1. Before Frank started medical training, he
  drove a forklift for a living.
• 2. Because the rains had started the mud slides,
  the homes were not safe to live in.
• 3. While they feed the birds and visit, older
  people love to sit in the park.
• 4. When I was much younger, I enjoyed camping
  out.
• 5. After the man had stopped his car to help, Joe
  recognized him.

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• Adverb clauses like adjective clauses can give
  variety to your sentences. Sometimes we find
  adverb clauses that have left some words out.
  They are called reduced adverb clauses. Example
  While (she was) speaking to the timid student,
  the teacher spoke slowly.

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Reduce the adverb clauses in these sentences.

• 1. While he was watching the geese, he saw the
  fox.
• 2. Richard got a thorn in his finger when he was
  pruning the roses.
• 3. The cat meowed loudly after it searched for a
  way into the house.
• 4. Although the man feared being ostracized, he
  continued helping everyone.
• 5. Will measured the board again before he made
  his final cut.

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Answers

• 1. While watching the geese, he saw the fox.
• 2. Richard got a thorn in his finger when pruning
  the roses.
• 3. The cat meowed loudly after searching for a
  way into the house.
• 4. Although fearing being ostracized, the man
  continued helping everyone.
• 5. Will measured the board again before making
  his final cut. 

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Rewrite the following reduced adverb clauses
adding the missing words.

• 1. After hearing the terrible noise, they ran for
  their lives.
• 2. The customer paid for his groceries when
  passing through the check out stand.
• 3. Allen is only happy while participating in an
  argument.
• 4. Before leaving for the hike, the boy scouts
  were warned about snakes.
• 5. Until watering the lawn in the morning, he
  didn't see the dandelions in it.

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Answers

• 1. After they had heard the terrible noise, they
  ran for their lives.
• 2. The customer paid for his groceries when he
  passed through the check out stand.
• 3. Allen is only happy while he is participating
  in an argument.
• 4. Before they left for the hike, the boy scouts
  were warned about snakes.
• 5. Until he had watered the lawn in the morning,
  he didn't see the dandelions in it.

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