Relationships between ideas

1
Relationships between ideas 2 3

• Present tense and not future tense is used in an
  adverb clause of time After she graduates, she
  will get a job.
• Adverb clauses to show CAUSE EFFECT
  relationships because, since, now that, as, as
  long as
• To show CAUSE EFFECT prepositions (because of,
  due to) transitions (therefore, consequently)
  other ways (such that, so that)

2
Relationships between ideas 23

• Reduction of adverb clauses to modifying phrases
• 1. Omit the subject of the dependent clause and
  the be form of the verb
• Adverb clause While I was walking to class, I
  ran into an old friend.
• Modifying phrase While walking to class, I ran
  into an old friend.

3
Relationships between ideas 23

• (2) If there is no be form of a verb, omit the
  subject and change the verb to ing.
• c. Adverb Clause Before I left for work, I ate
  breakfast.
• d. Modifying Phrase Before leaving for work, I
  ate breakfast.
• An adverb clause can be changed to a modifying
  phrase ONLY WHEN THE SUBJECT OF THE ADVERB CLAUSE
  AND THE SUBJECT OF THE MAIN CLAUSE ARE THE SAME.