Title: Energy Storage Systems
1Energy Storage Systems
- Prof. G. Bothun
- Dept. of Physics
- University of Oregon
2Scalable Energy StorageEvaluations of Choices
RENEW
GRID CAPACITY
Power Plant
X
STORAGE
GRID RELIABILITY
3Needs For Energy Storage
- Smooth over fluctuations in regional electricity
demand due to varying peak - Safety net for intermittent energy supplies such
as wind, solar, seasonal variations in hydro or
biomass - Means of recovering waste energy
- Regulatory necessity for more reliable
electricity delivery
4Managing Peak Load with Storage
1000 MW
80 Load for 50 Days ? 216000 MWH of Storage
? 200 Load for 9 Days
5But Peak Demand Relative to Average Is Increasing
Significantly
6Energy Storage facilitates PHEV/EV charging
7Peak Demand Climate Driven
8National Context the 10 1 Hour Goal
- Consumption is now approximately at the level of
500 GW - So we need a battery which is 500 GW x 10 for
one hour THE 50 GWH Battery
9A More Personal Scale
- Individual Americans use 1.5 KWH of electricity
every hour - 10 / 1 Hour objective equates to the individual
requiring 150 Watt Hours of storage for one hour
A 2-4 KG Battery Pack or 10 grams of gasoline!
Our Consumption scale is Large
10Choices and Estimated Costs
- Pumped Hydro
- Li-Ion
- Flywheels
- CAES
- SMES
- Ultracapacitors
- 800 /KW 12 /KWH
- 300 /KW 200/KWH
- 350 /KW 500/KWH
- 750 /KW 12 /KWH
- 650 /KW 1500
- 300 /KW 3600
11A Single 25KWH Unit
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14Comparison
PH CA FLY THM BAT CAP MES
PWR (MW) 1000 200 5 5 5 5 500
EFF 80 70 90 85 75 90 95
TIME HRS HRS MIN HRS HRS SEC HR
15The 10 / 1 HR Solution
- 25 Luddington Size Pumped Hydro Facilities Grid
connected! - 100 Million KG of Advanced Batteries (1 Billion
KG of AAs) - 300,000 grid connected fused silica flywheels of
radius 1 meter and width 0.25 meters - 300x300x300 meter cube of compressed air (one
helluva scuba tank!)
16Dedicated Hydrogen Production
- 10 solution requires 200 million liters of
hydrogen - Note that we use about 400 million gallons of
gasoline a day - 10,000 1.5 MW Wind Turbines located in Western
North Dakota could produce 200 million liters of
hydrogen every 24 hours
17Overall Conclusions
- Conventional Energy Storage solutions do not
scale well to solve increasing gap between
average and peak loads - Flow batteries or flywheel farms may be practical
for some in situ industrial applications - SMES can become a utility scale application on
short timescales - Electricity Water Hydrogen