Unit B

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Unit B Matter and Chemical Change
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• Section 1.0 Physical and Chemical Properties
• Chemistry is the science of studying the
  properties of matter and how it changes.
• /What-Is-the-Importance-of-Chemistry
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vnsbXp64YPRQ
• Matter is anything that has mass and occupies
  space.

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• Section 1.1 Laboratory Safety
• Household Hazardous Materials Warning Labels
• Some materials used in the lab and at home are
  hazardous and therefore have a hazard symbol.
• These symbols show the reader two things

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• 1. Shape how hazardous the material is
• Triangle means caution
• Diamond means warning
• Octagon means danger
• 2. Picture the type of hazard
• See fig. 1.2 (p. 94) for all hazard symbols

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• WHMIS Symbols
• The Workplace Hazardous Materials Information
  System is another system of warning symbols
  designed to protect people who use harmful
  substances at work.

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• WHMIS game
• Mr Bean Chemistry Lab
• Read Lab Safety Rules (p 95)
• Read Toolbox 1 (p 478)
• Do Worksheet Safety in the Science Classroom

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Section 1.2 Organizing Matter

• Matter exists in different states (solids,
  liquids and gases).
• The state of matter depends on its temperature
• Low Temperature High Temperature

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• Properties - characteristics used to describe a
  substance
• Physical Properties these properties explain
  the appearance and composition of a substance.
• Examples include
• Texture
• Shape
• Size
• Colour
• Odour
• Mass

• Density
• Melting Point
• - Boiling Point
• - Solubility
• - Ductility
• - Malleability

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• Physical Change Any change not involving a
  change in the substance's chemical identity. A
  physical change involves only a change in
  physical properties. In other words, the type of
  matter has not been changed.
• Examples include
• Changes of state
• Dissolving
• Absorption of water into a towel
• Crumpling a piece of paper
• Pulling copper into a thin wire (change of shape,
  but not change of composition)
• Cutting a material
• Breaking glass
• Writing on a Sheet of Paper

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• Chemical Properties these properties explain
  how a substance reacts with another substance.
• Examples include
• pH
• Reactivity
• Toxicity
• Combustibility
• Chemical stability
• Behavior in air

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• Chemical Change when two or more substances
  react and one or more new substances are formed
  having different properties from the initial
  substances.
• Examples include
• Combustion
• Mixing an acid and a base
• Photosynthesis
• Iron Rusting

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• Do Investigation B-1 P.100
• Identifying the Mystery Substance

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• Pure Substances and Mixtures
• A pure substance consists of only one kind of
  matter and has its own unique set of properties.
  Elements and compounds are pure substances.
• Elements a material that cannot be further
  broken down. These are the basic building blocks
  for compounds.

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• Compounds two or more elements chemically
  combined in a specific arrangement and
  proportion.

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• A mixture is a physical combination of pure
  substances. Each substance retains its
  properties since there is no chemical reaction
  that takes place.
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/science/chemical
  _material_behaviour/compounds_mixtures/activity/

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• There are 4 types of mixtures
• Mechanical mixture each substance that makes up
  the mixture is distinct or visible. An example
  is chili.

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• Solution the substances are NOT visibly
  distinct from each other. One substance, the
  solute, is dissolved into the other, the solvent.
  An example is Kool-Aid. Substances dissolved
  into water are called aqueous solutions.

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• 3.Suspension tiny particles of one substance
  are held within another in a cloudy mixture.
  These particles can be filtered out. An example
  is tomato juice.
• 4.Colloid - another cloudy suspension, but with
  particles so tiny that they cannot be filtered
  out. An example is milk.

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• Complete the figure in your notes by looking at
  the Figure 1.11 on page 103
• Now Do Check and Reflect P.104 1-9

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• Section 1.3
• Observing Changes in Matter
• Recall from section 1.2 that in a physical change
  only the substances physical properties change.
  For example, a change in state. No new
  substances are produced.

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• A chemical change is when two or more substances
  react and create new materials which have
  different properties from the initial substances.
  
• Evidence of chemical change is as follows . . .

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• 1. Change in color

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• 2. Change in odor

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• 3. Formation of a solid or a gas
• (precipitate)

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• 4. Release or absorption of heat or light energy
  ( warm or cold)

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• Sometimes, it is impossible to tell if a
  substance has undergone a physical or a chemical
  change without chemical analysis in a lab.

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• Do Investigation B-2 P. 106
• Investigating Physical and Chemical Change

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• Controlling Changes in Matter
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• Understanding and controlling changes in matter
  can help us meet our basic needs.
• One example is freeze-drying. Food is frozen,
  then put under pressure so that the ice sublimes,
  and about 98 of water is removed.
• Food that has undergone this process is about 10
  of its initial mass and can be eaten months,
  sometimes years later.
• The technique can be used by biologists to study
  tissue samples or restore important water-damaged
  documents.

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• Another example is MRE or Meal Ready to Eat.
  The US Army uses special packaging to heat their
  freeze-dried foods called a Flameless Ration
  Heater. This package contains magnesium, iron
  and salt when water is added, heat is released
  and it warms the MRE so it is ready to eat!

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• Scientists are also able to change common
  materials into other substances. Corn is first
  fermented, then new substances are collected,
  purified and made into biodegradable plastics
  (pop bottles), solvents such as nail polish
  remover and gasohol which can be used as vehicle
  fuel.

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• Now Do Check and Reflect P.109 1-7
• And Section Review
• Quiz next class!!