China

1
China
2
In the Beginning

• Most of Chinas rulers were from dynasties, or a
  series of rulers from the same family.
• Chinas ancient values of social order, harmony,
  and respect for authority were put aside toward
  the end of the Zhou Dynasty.
• Confucius seeks to organize Chinese society
  around five basic relationships.

3
The Teachings of Confucius

• Confucius seeks to organize Chinese society
  around five basic relationships.
• 1. subject to ruler
• 2. husband to wife
• 3. older brother to younger brother
• 4. father to son
• 5. friend to friend
• Confucian ideas lay the groundwork for a civil
  service staffed by gentlemen scholars.
• He stressed that children should practice filial
  piety.
• He was not only wise, but he wanted to show
  leaders how to govern effectively.

4
Famous Quotes

• By nature, men are nearly alike by practice,
  they get to be wide apart.
• Everything has its beauty but not everyone sees
  it.
• The superior man is modest in his speech, but
  exceeds in his actions.
• I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do
  and I understand.
• Real knowledge is to know the extent of one's
  ignorance.

5
Daoism

• Daoists seek accord with nature.
• Daoism was founded by Laozi.
• The Dao or way, is universal force that guides
  all things.
• He states that nothing in nature strives for
  fame, or even wisdom.
• Of all the creatures in nature, humans fail to
  follow the Dao.
• Daoists made contributions to the sciences of
  alchemy, astronomy, and medicine.

6
Legalism

• Legalists urge strong, harsh rule and strict
  censorship.
• They believed that a highly efficient and
  powerful government was the key to restoring
  order.
• They taught a ruler should provide rich rewards
  for people who carried out their duties well.
• Ideas and actions should be controlled.
• Rulers should destroy things that encourage the
  criticism of government.
• Anyone caught outside his own village without a
  travel permit should have his ears or nose
  chopped off.

7
Yin Yang

• Ordinary Chinese consult fold wisdom in books
  like the I Ching (Book of Changes) and in ideas
  like yin and yang.
• Yin and Yang represent the natural rhythms of
  life.
• Yang represents the masculine in the universe,
  and Yin represents the feminine.

8
Daoism
Confucianism
B.
C.
A.
E.
D.
F.
G.
Legalism

1. A highly efficient and powerful government is the
   key to social order. _____
2. Human beings should live simply and in harmony
   with nature. ________
3. Respect for parents and elders is important to a
   well-ordered society. _______
4. Chinese ethical system. _______
5. This ethical system did not use harshness.
   _______
6. Taught that a ruler should provide rich rewards
   for people who carried out their duties. _______
7. Stressed the importance of government and a
   well-ordered society. _______
8. Ethical system that seems the most moderate and
   balanced. _______

9
Shi Huangdi

• Shi Huangdi, the first Qin emperor, uses military
  power to unite China and crush dissent.
• He creates a road network and standardizes
  currency, writing weights and measures, and laws.
• He has the Great Wall built to fend off invaders
  from the north.
• The Chinese overthrow the Qin Dynasty almost
  immediately after Shi Huangdis death.

10
(No Transcript)
11
How is the Great Wall of China an example of Shi
Huangdis power?
12
A terra-cotta warrior from the tomb. Each
soldiers body was made from a mold but the head
was individualized. The soldiers were also
painted in vivid colors. What is your impression
of these warriors?
13
Shi Huangdi rules as a Legalist

• In order to destroy the power of his rivals, Shi
  Huangdi introduced a policy called strengthening
  the trunk and weakening the branches.
• He commanded all noble families to live in the
  capital under his gaze.
• He and his prime minister, Li Su, murdered
  hundreds of Confucian scholars.
• They burned any books they deemed useless.
• He was hated by the poor because they were forced
  to work on the Great Wall.

14
The Han Dynasty

• Ruled China for more than 400 years.
• Xiang Yu and Liu Bang emerged as powerful
  leaders. Yu gave his warlords, including Bang,
  territories in order to acknowledge him as feudal
  lord.
• Liu Bang turned against Xiang Yu in their final
  battle in 202, Lui Bang declared himself emperor.
• Bang followed Shi Huangdi policy of centralized
  government. Unlike Huangdi, Bang departed from
  legalism, lowered taxes and softened harsh
  punishments.
• People appreciated the peace and stability the
  Han dynasty brought.
• Liu Bang dies n 195 B.C.

15
Timeline of the Han Dynasty

• 195 Lui Bang dies, his wife Empress Lü rules.
  She outlives her son and has powerful friends at
  court to help her gain power.
• 180 Empress Lü dies, people remain loyal to Lui
  Bang and executes the empresss relatives.
• 141-87 Lui Bangs Grandson Wudi rules. He held
  the throne longer than any other Han ruler.
  Referred to as the Martial Emperor because he
  expanded his empire through war.

16
Rulers- Strengthening Government

• Liu Bang relied on Confucius policy rather than
  the harsh legalist ideals of Qin dynasty
• Emperor Wudi Most important emperor
• Relied on Confucianism
• Improved canals and roads
• Imposed a government monopoly (complete control
  of a product or business) on iron and salt

17
Silk Road

• Trade Route linking China with the Middle East
• Brought a lot of wonderful goods into China and
  helped China expand.

18
Han Society

• Scholar-Officials well-educated philosophers
  (Confucianism) to run the bureaucracy
• A scholar official was expected to match the
  Confucian ideal of a gentle man. He would be
  courteous and dignified and possess a thorough
  knowledge of history, music, poetry, and
  Confucian teachings.
• Known for the development of paper

19
3 Dynasties

• The Zhou Dynasty
• Zhou rulers believed in the idea of the
  Mandate of Heaven. During this rule there was
  civil unrest which caused the dynasty to fall.
  Due to internal fighting and attacks by
  outsiders, the Zhous power fell to the Qin
  dynasty.
• Qin Dynasty
• The Qin dynasty came to power ending the
  trouble of the warring states. Used ideas of
  Legalism to unite China. Under the Qin dynasty,
  the Great Wall was erected.
• Han Dynasty
• Han dynasty reestablished the civil service
  system. During this period trade prospered and
  China expanded its borders to its largest size in
  the Classical period. The Hans dynasty was one
  of the longest in Chinese History.

20
(No Transcript)