Early Government

1
Early Government

• Democratic Roots

2
Athens and Rome

• Athens
• Republic Leaders elected by male citizens
  (US______________________________)
• Direct democracy All male citizens were members
  of the legislative branch called the Assembly
  (US Legislative branch _______)
• Jury System male citizens were chosen in large
  numbers by lot to serve as jurors to try cases
• Salaries for Public Officials enabled poor
  citizens to take part in government service
  (could leave their jobs)

3
Athens and Rome

• Rome
• Veto elected leaders could veto (______) laws
  passed by the government (checks and balances)
• Representative democracy Citizens chose other
  citizens to represent them in the govt
  assemblies
• Roman Law (Codified Law) by writing laws down
  (all areas of society) in a orderly manner, all
  citizens can know them
• Consistent but flexible, and impartial

4
Enlightenment

• 17th and 18th Century produced a new way of
  thinking/new philosophies on life and govt
• John Locke natural rights (life, liberty, and
  property) govt gets its power from the people
  (social contract) govt could be changed if it
  doesnt meet the peoples need

5
Enlightenment

• Voltaire Natural rights and religious freedom
• Montesquieu Govt should have limits separation
  of powers (3 branches Legislative, Executive,
  Judicial)
• Rousseau people give the govt its power

6
Democracies/Republics in the New World

• Virginia House of Burgesses started in 1619
• 1st such assembly in America
• Legislative body elected by the people
• Meet once a year in Jamestown
• Elected body was called burgesses

7
Democracies/Republics in the New World

• Mayflower Compact
• Signed by males on the Mayflower
• Needed organization before Pilgrims formed
  Plymouth
• Set up a govt structure

8
American Revolution

• Events leading towards war
• Taxes and Acts
• Sugar Act
• Stamp Act (No Taxation without Representation)
• Townsend Act
• Boston Massacre
• Tea Act (Boston Tea Party)
• Intolerable Acts (took away local govt)

9
American Revolution

• Declaring War
• First Continental Congress (1974) met in Philly
  to agree to fight for American rights and liberty
  for the colonies
• Patrick Henry ..give me liberty or give me
  death.
• Declaration of Independence
• Thomas Jefferson
• 1- Reasons for Separation (win public
  support/propaganda against the king)
• 2- Theory of Govt (unalienable rights and
  natural rights/ govt protects these rights and
  gets its power from the people)
• 3- Declaration of War

10
American Revolution

• Declaration cont.
• July 2, 1776 gt 2nd Continental Congress met to
  vote on Declaration
• Debated Jeffersons document (Jefferson almost
  left the convention)
• July 4, 1776 gt ratification of Declaration with
  some changes
• 12-0 (New York makes it 13-0 on July 15)
• August 2, 1776 gt signing of the Declaration
• we all must hang together or we shall hang
  separately -Ben Franklin

11
Battles of the Revolution

• Lexington and Concord (1775) gt British march to
  destroy Patriots supply of ammunition gt Paul
  Reveres ride gt shot heard round the world

12
Battles of the Revolution

• Trenton and Princeton (1777) gt Washington crosses
  Delaware River to surprise Redcoats gt British
  withdraw from western New Jersey

13

• Saratoga (1777) gt turning point of the Revolution
  gt patriots stop two offensives by British gt were
  outnumberedgt counterattack and force British army
  to surrender
• Yorktown (1781) gt official surrender of British
  army ending Revolution