TOEFL

1
TOEFL????Speaking

• ????(????????)?
• ????????????
• ???

2

• Study Tips

3

• Study Tips
• ? ?
• (???) (??)

4

• ?????????????
• ????????????????????

5

• Spiral Syllabus(??????)???

6
(No Transcript)
7
?????????

• ???????20??(29?)???
• 55????

8
?????55?????

• ?????(???)????????50?(?)??????????????

9
?????

1. ????????
2. ?????????
3. ???????
4. ???????
5. ????????????????
6. TOEFL iBT???????????
7. Speaking??

????????????(Spiral Syllabus)??????????
10
?????

• ???????????????????
• ??????6,7?????3,4??

11
?????

1. ????????
2. ?????????
3. ???????
4. ???????
5. ????????????????
6. TOEFL iBT???????????
7. Speaking??

12
????(????????)?

• 1954?????????????????????????
• ?????????
• ???????(????)
• ????(??)
• ????????(??)
• ????????(??)
• ??????????(????)
• ???????????????(??) Ph.D.

13
????(????????)?

• ??????????
• ?????
• ???AB
• ????
• ???????(????????)

14
????

• ?????15???????
• 1998???????

15
????

• ??????????????
• Geoworks Silicon Valley (???????????)

16
??????

• ?????(Modern Physics)
• ?????(Probability and Statistics)
• ????????????????
• ??????????????
• ??????????????????
• ?????(?????????)

17
???

• ????1? (1978)
• GRE Verbal 89 (1988)
• TOEIC 990, TOEFL CBT 300 (2002)
• TOEFL iBT 120 (2006)

18
??????????????

• ???????????
• ????????????????????
• ?????????????

19
????????

• Temple?????(??)????(TESOL)????????
• Listening(????????)??????????(????????)?Proficienc
  y Profile???????
• ??????????

20
?????????????????????????
21
?????????????????????????
22

• ?????????
• ???

????????????????
23
?????

1. ????????
2. ?????????
3. ???????
4. ???????
5. ????????????????
6. TOEFL iBT???????????
7. Speaking??

24
?????

• ?????????
• ?????????
• ???????

25
?????

• ???????
• ????Speaking
• ????Speaking

26
?????????

• ????IMD???????????????????47??????????47?
• ???
• ??????(?????)
• ?????(?????)
• ????
• ???????????

27
?????????

• ??????????????????????????????
• ?1??????????????2????????
• ????????

28
???????

• ????????????????????????
• ???????????
• ???????????????
• ????(??????)????????
• ??(???)???
• ?????????????

29
???????

• 1996??????????(TOEFL PBT)
• ??????????????
• 2007?????????????(TOEFL iBT)
• ??????????

30
????Speaking

• 2007?TOEFL iBT????Speaking?????30??15????????????

31
????Speaking
?? ?? ?? ?? ???
??? 16 18 16 15 65
??? 23 22 19 15 78
???????
32
????Speaking

• ????????????
• ???????????20??????????(????Speaking?10?????)
• MIT???????115??UCLA?Speaking 24?????Princeton?TA?S
  peaking 26?????Johns Hopkins????????????????25????
  
• ????Speaking??????????????

33
?????

• ????????????
• ????III??????????????
• ?????????????

34
Writing

• 18?
• ??????1??

35
Listening

• 16?
• ??????3??

36
Reading

• 16?
• ??????5??

37

• ???????
• ????

38
?????

1. ????????
2. ?????????
3. ???????
4. ???????
5. ????????????????
6. TOEFL iBT???????????
7. Speaking??

39

• ??????????????
• ??????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????
• ?????????
• ????????????????

40

• ???????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?
• ???????????????

41

• ??????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????5???????10???????????????????????
  ?????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ???????????
• ????????
• ????????
• 2?????????????
• ??????????????
• ???????????(?????????TOEIC 950??)
• ????
• ?????????(?Output????????????)
• ??10??????
• ?????????????

42

1. ????????????????????????????????????????????????
   ?????????????????

43

• ???(?????)???????
• ?????????????????????
• ???????

44

1. ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
   ??????????????????????????(???????????)??????
   ?????????

45

1. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
   ?(?CNN????)???????

46

1. ???????4??????????TOEIC?????????????900???????(???
   TOEIC??????????????????)

47

1. ???????????????????????????????????????

48

• ?????????????208?????????????????????147?????????
  ?????????????????????
• ??1??????????? 208??
• (?? ??????? 61???????????? 147??)

49

• ???????? ?????? ?????
• ???????????(????????????)????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????

50
?????????????

• ??????????

51
?????????????

• ???????????????????????(?????????)
• ??????????(???)
• ?????????!
• ???????

52
?????

1. ????????
2. ?????????
3. ???????
4. ???????
5. ????????????????
6. TOEFL iBT???????????
7. Speaking??

53
???????

• ??????? vs. ??????
• Declarative Knowledge vs. Procedural Knowledge
• ????? vs.???
• ????? vs. ???
• Controlled vs. Automatic
• ????? vs. ???
• Conscious vs. Unconscious
• ??????? vs. ???????
• ??? vs. ?

54
???????

• ??????? vs. ??????
• Declarative Knowledge vs. Procedural Knowledge
• ????? vs.???
• ????? vs. ???
• Controlled vs. Automatic
• ????? vs. ???
• Conscious vs. Unconscious
• ??????? vs. ???????
• ??? vs. ?

55
??????? vs. ??????

• ?? vs. ???
• ??(Knowing) vs. ??(Using)
• ??(Knowledge) vs. ??(Skill)

56
The Double Helix of Knowledge(???????)

• Explicit/Declarative Knowledge
• (????????)
• Implicit/Procedural Knowledge
• (?????????)

57
????????
?????????

• ???????
• ????????
• ?????
• ??????????s

58

• ??????????

59
????????
??????????

• ???(????????)???????????
• ????????????

60
??????

• ?????????
• ????????????????

61
?????????

• ???????
• ??(????????)
• ??(?????????)
• ??(???????)
• ?????

62
?????

• ??????(??)????
• ????????
• ???????????????
• ??????
• Automaticity???(?????????)

63

• ?????????
• ??????
• ??????

64
???????

• ??????? vs. ??????
• Declarative Knowledge vs. Procedural Knowledge
• ????? vs.???
• ????? vs. ???
• Controlled vs. Automatic
• ????? vs. ???
• Conscious vs. Unconscious
• ??????? vs. ???????
• ??? vs. ?

65
????? vs.???

• Flexibility vs. Rigidity
• ????Formulaic Language
• ???????lubricants?????????????????

66
???????

• ??????? vs. ??????
• Declarative Knowledge vs. Procedural Knowledge
• ????? vs.???
• ????? vs. ???
• Controlled vs. Automatic
• ????? vs. ???
• Conscious vs. Unconscious
• ??????? vs. ???????
• ??? vs. ?

67
????? vs. ???

• ?????
• ??
• ??????????????????controlled

68
???????

• ??????? vs. ??????
• Declarative Knowledge vs. Procedural Knowledge
• ????? vs.???
• ????? vs. ???
• Controlled vs. Automatic
• ????? vs. ???
• Conscious vs. Unconscious
• ??????? vs. ???????
• ??? vs. ?

69
????? vs. ???

• ??? vs. ?????????
• ??????????
• ??????
• ?????????

70
???????

• ??????? vs. ??????
• Declarative Knowledge vs. Procedural Knowledge
• ????? vs.???
• ????? vs. ???
• Controlled vs. Automatic
• ????? vs. ???
• Conscious vs. Unconscious
• ??????? vs. ???????
• ??? vs. ?

71
??????? vs. ???????

• ???????????
• ????????
• ?????????

72
???????

• ??????? vs. ??????
• Declarative Knowledge vs. Procedural Knowledge
• ????? vs.???
• ????? vs. ???
• Controlled vs. Automatic
• ????? vs. ???
• Conscious vs. Unconscious
• ??????? vs. ???????
• ??? vs. ?

73
??? vs. ?

• Intensive vs. Extensive
• ????????????

74
???????

• ??????? vs. ??????
• Declarative Knowledge vs. Procedural Knowledge
• ????? vs.???
• ????? vs. ???
• Controlled vs. Automatic
• ????? vs. ???
• Conscious vs. Unconscious
• ??????? vs. ???????
• ??? vs. ?

75
????

• ???????????
• ????????????
• ??????????????

76
????

• ??
• ????????

77
????

• ??????????????
• ???????????????7000???10,000???????
• ????????4000???
• ????(????????)?20,000???25,000??????????
• Native???????75,000?

78
????

• ??????????????
• ?????????????????
• ?????????????????????
• The car is enjoying (an) unprecedented
  popularity.
• Will Clark was instrumental in the victory.
• It crossed my mind.
• Lets start with a clean slate.

79
????

• ????????????
• ??????????????

80
???????

• ???????
• ??????????
• ????????
• ????????????
• ???????(Writing)???(Speaking)

81

• ???????

82
?????

1. ????????
2. ?????????
3. ???????
4. ???????
5. ????????????????
6. TOEFL iBT???????????
7. Speaking??

83
????????????

• ???????
• ???????
• ???????

84
GOD

• Good Overall Design
• ???????
• ???????
• ???????

85
??????????????

• ??????????????????????????????

86
?????????????

• ???????????????????????????

87
?????

• ???????
• ???????
• ???????

88
???????

• Paul Nation???
• The Four Strands(????)
• ??????
• The Four Strands Plus One
• Plus One Integrative/Interactive Language Use

89
????( The Four Strands )

• ??????????(Meaningful Input )
• ???????????(Meaning-Focused Output )
• ???????(Language-Focused Learning )
• ??????(Fluency Development)

90
??????????(Meaningful Input)

• ???????????????
• ????????
• ????????????????(??)
• ???????????????????????(????)
• ?????????????????

91
???????????(Meaning-Focused Output)

• ??????????????????
• ???????????????(??)
• ???????????????????(????)
• ??????????
• ?????????
• ??????

92
????( The Four Strands )

• ??????????(Meaningful Input )
• ???????????(Meaning-Focused Output )
• ???????(Language-Focused Learning )
• ??????(Fluency Development)

93
???????(Language-Focused Learning)

• ???????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????(????????????)

94
??????(Fluency Development)

• ????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????

95
?????????

• ?????(Time-on-Task)
• ??(Repetition)
• ????(Time Pressure)
• 4/3/2 ??????
• ???????

96
?????????

• ???????????(chunks???)
• ?????(Time-on-Task)
• ??(Repetition)
• ????(Time Pressure)
• ???????

97

• Fluency development activities are a very useful
  bridge between knowing and using.
• Teaching ESL/EFL Listening and Speaking p.163

98
????( The Four Strands )

• ??????????(Meaningful Input )
• ???????????(Meaning-Focused Output )
• ???????(Language-Focused Learning )
• ??????(Fluency Development)

99
?????

1. ????????
2. ?????????
3. ???????
4. ???????
5. ????????????????
6. TOEFL iBT???????????
7. Speaking??

100
TOEFL

• Test
• Of
• English
• as a
• Foreign
• Language

101
????TOEFL

• Paper-Based Test ?????(TOEIC???)
• ?
• Computer-Based Test ????????
• ?
• internet-Based Test ???????????
• PBT ? CBT ? iBT
• ???iBT????CBT?????PBT???????????

102
TOEFL ITP

• ?????????
• Institutional Testing Program
• Paper-Based Test (Paper-based Test)

103

• ???

104
TOEFL????

• TOEIC 990??TOEFL iBT 110???
• ????1??TOEFL iBT 105???

105
TOEFL iBT?

• ?????

106
????

• ???????????????????
• ?????????????????
• ????????????????

107
TOEFL iBT???

• Reading????????????????????
• ???????(Structure)??????
• Speaking????
• Listening?Reading???????????????
• ????(Reading, Listening, Speaking,
  Writing??????????????)???
• ??????????(??????)
• ????????????????
• ?????????????

108
TOEFL iBT?

• ?????
• ?????

109
?????

• ????????????????

110
??????

• ?????????????TOEFL?????

111

• ??????

112
?????

• ?????????
• TOEFL???
• ??????????
• etc. etc. etc.

113
ETS??

• The Official Guide to the New TOEFL iBT

114
????TOEFL iBT??

• http//aoitani.net/TOEFL_iBT_Guide.doc(TOEFL
  iBT??????)
• http//aoitani.net/TOEFL_iBT.html(???TOEFL
  iBT?????????)
• http//aoitani.net/(Mailing List
  EERR???????????????)
• ???????(??????????????????) http//www.mag2.com/
  m/0000113907.html

115
???
????? ????? ??
Reading 3-5?(???12-14???) 60??100?
Listening 4-6??(????6????) 2-3??(????5????) 60??90?
?? 10?
Speaking Speaking???2? Reading?Listening???????4? 20?
Writing ?????1? ????Writing?1? 20? 30?
116
Reading
?700??(CBT?250??350??) 3??5? ???12??14??? 60??100?
700??12?????A4???? gtgt ???? 1??20??????2??40?
117
Listening
4??6????3??5??500??800?? 1?????6? 60??90? 1??2?????? 2??3???
2??3????3??12??25????? 1?????5? 60??90? 1??2?????? 2??3???
?? gtgt ????
118
Speaking
???? (1)??????????????????? (2)???????????????????????? (1)??????????????????? (2)???????????????????????? ????15? ????45?
???? ? ? ? (3)????????????????????????????? (4)??????????????????????????? ????30? ????60?
???? ? ? (5)??????????????????????????????????????????? (6)?????????????????????????? ????20? ????60?
119
Writing
??????? 150??225? 1? ????20?
???? 300? 1? ????30?
120
??????

• 3????230??300???????????????????????????
• 2??????(230??300?)???????????????(??)????????
• ??????Summarize the points made in the lecture,
  being sure to explain how they cast doubt on
  specific points made in the reading passage.
• ?????????????????????

121
??????

• ?????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ?????TOEFL CBT??????????????
• http//www.ets.org/Media/Tests/TOEFL/pdf/989563wt.
  pdf

122
(No Transcript)
123

• ????
• ????
• ???

124
?????

• ?????????30???????????

125

• ??????????????(????)???????????????(????)???????
  ????????

126
?????

1. ????????
2. ?????????
3. ???????
4. ???????
5. ????????????????
6. TOEFL iBT???????????
7. Speaking??

127
Speaking??????

• ???????
• ??????(????)????

128
????????????

• R 28 L 27 W 24 S 15 Total 94
• R 29 L 28 W 29 S 15 Total 101
• R 29 L 28 W 27 S 18 Total 102

129
TOEFL iBT Speaking Section

• ?????????

130
???
????? ????? ??
Reading 3-5?(???12-14???) 60??100?
Listening 4-6??(????6????) 2-3??(????5????) 60??90?
?? 10?
Speaking Speaking???2? Reading?Listening???????4? 20?
Writing ?????1? ????Writing?1? 20? 30?
131
Speaking
???? (1)??????????????????? (2)???????????????????????? (1)??????????????????? (2)???????????????????????? ????15? ????45?
???? ? ? ? (3)????????????????????????????? (4)??????????????????????????? ????30? ????60?
???? ? ? (5)??????????????????????????????????????????? (6)?????????????????????????? ????20? ????60?
132

• ???(Delivery)?????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????
• ???????(Language Use)???????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????
• ?????(Topic Development)?????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????(????
  ????????????????????????)

133
Speaking
???? (1)??????????????????? (2)???????????????????????? (1)??????????????????? (2)???????????????????????? ????15? ????45?
???? ? ? ? (3)????????????????????????????? (4)??????????????????????????? ????30? ????60?
???? ? ? (5)??????????????????????????????????????????? (6)?????????????????????????? ????20? ????60?
134
?????(1)?????15? ??45?

• (1)???????????????????
• ???????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????? I like France since
  it is an interesting country. lt I like France
  because I am learning French, and their food
  intrigues me so much. For example, .

135

• ?????????????????
• ?????????????????
• ??????????
• ????(????????????)?????????????
• On the fly(????)
• ???????????????????????????
• ???????????

136
?????(1)?????15? ??45?

• ????????45?
• 15????????????????(?? gt ???? gt ????????)
• ????????????????
• ?????????????????
• ??????????????????(1)?????????

137
?????(2)?????15? ??45?

• (2)????????????????????????
• ?????????????
• ??????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ????????????????

138

• ??????????????????
• 15??????????????????
• ?????????????????

139
?????(3)?????30? ??60?

• (3)?????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
• 75??100???????????????????????40??45????(???????)
• ?????????????????????????????????

140
?????(3)?????30? ??60?

• 60??80?(150??180?)??????????????????
• ????????????????
• ????????????
• ????????????????????????????????

141

• ?????????????
• ?????????(??????????????????????)
• The man expresses his opinion of the upcoming
  tuition hike. State his opinion and explain the
  reasons he gives for holding that opinion.
• ?????????????????????
• (1)?(2)???????
• ???????????

142
?????(4)?????30? ??60?

• (4)???????????????????????????
• ????????????(75??100?)????????(60??90?150??220?)?
  ??????????????
• ????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• ?????????????????

143
?????(4)?????30? ??60?

• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????

144

• ?????????????????
• ????????????????????
• Explain how the examples given in the lecture can
  reduce global warming.

145
?????(5)?????20? ??60?

• (5)????????????????????????????????????????
• 60??90?(180??220?)???????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????TA??

146
?????(5)?????20? ??60?

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????
• ???? ? ????? ? ?????
• ??????????????????????????

147

• ????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????
• Describe the problem and the two solutions. What
  do you think the man should do and
  why?(??????????)
• ?????????

148
?????(6)?????20? ??60?

• (6)??????????????????????????
• ??(60??90?)??????????????????
• ????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????

149
?????(6)?????20? ??60?

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????
• ??????????????????????????????Using points and
  examples from the talk, explain .. ???????

150

• ????????????????????????
• Using points and examples from the talk, describe
  the two types of earthquake explained by the
  professor.
• ????????????

151
Speaking
???? (1)??????????????????? (2)???????????????????????? (1)??????????????????? (2)???????????????????????? ????15? ????45?
???? ? ? ? (3)????????????????????????????? (4)??????????????????????????? ????30? ????60?
???? ? ? (5)??????????????????????????????????????????? (6)?????????????????????????? ????20? ????60?
152
?????????
153
(No Transcript)
154
(No Transcript)
155
???????

• ?? ? ??
• Idea/Concept ? Language
• ???? ? ??

156
???????
????????????
???????????
????
???????????
157
???

• ?????????????
• ???
• ????????
• ??????
• ??
• ??????????????

158
??????????????

• ???????????????
• ??????????????
• ?????????
• ???????????
• Overall Framework, Template, Boiler Plate

159
Speaking??????

• ??????????????
• ???? stopped
• ?????????? had a big problem
• ???????????????? very angry
• ?????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????
• ?????????????????????
• Modules??????????????
• ???????chunks?????

160
Speaking??????

• ???? In my opinion, I agree with, My choice is,
  I choose, I support, I think .. is better.,
• ?? The reason is, My reasons are, It is because,
  The reasons are as follows., There are two
  reasons for this. The reason is two-fold.
• ????For example, In a typical case, In my
  experience, I once had a similar experience., I
  think it would work particularly well when
• ??In conclusion, To sum it up, It is for these
  reasons that I support/choose

161
????

• ?????????????
• ??????????
• ???????

162

• ??????
• ?????????????

163
??????

• ?????????????
• ?????TOEFL?Speaking????????????????
• ???????
• ???????
• ???????????????
• ????????????
• ???????????

164
?????????????

• ????????
• ???????????????
• ??
• ???????????????
• ????
• ????

165

• TOEFL??TOEFL iBT????????????????

166
??????

• ????????????????????????
• Paul Nation???
• ??????????????

167
????????
168
????????

• ???????????
• ?????????
• Input?semantic?Output?syntactic
• Writing??????
• Writing??????????????
• Speaking????????????????(A and B is, I went
  Tokyo, It is big problem.)
• Speaking????????Writing????????The way I do it.
  Thats not easy to explain.

169
????????????????
170
????

• ???????????????
• ?????????
• ??????????
• Intensive-Extensive Dichotomy(???)
• ????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????

171
??????????

• ?????
• ?????
• ???
• Writing????
• ????
• ????
• ????
• ??????????

172
?????
173
??????????

• ?????
• ?????
• ???
• Writing????
• ????
• ????
• ????
• ??????????

174
?????

• ?????????(??????)
• ??????95??98?????????
• ?????4,000??5,000???
• ??????????(????)
• ?????????
• ???????????????????

175
???????

• ??????????????????
• ?????(??????)
• ???????????
• ???????????????????????????
• ??????????

176
?????????
177
??????????

• ?????
• ?????
• ???
• Writing????
• ????
• ????
• ????

178
Writing????

1. http//www.ets.org/Media/Tests/TOEFL/pdf/989563wt.
   pdf ???185???????????????(TOEFL Writing
   Topics????html?doc????)
2. ???????????????
3. Summary???????
4. ?????????????????????????????????????

179
??????????

• ?????
• ?????
• ???
• Writing????
• ????
• ????
• ????

180
??????

• Speaking?????????1?2???
• 1?2?????Reading?Listening???????3, 4, 5,
  6?????????
• 1???????2????
• 3, 4, 5, 6??????????
• http//aoitani.net/TOEFL_Speech/TOEFL_Speaking.doc
  ????????(?native check?)
• http//aoitani.net/TOEFL_Speech/README.doc
  ????transcripts??????
• http//aoitani.net/TOEFL_Speech/TOEFL_Writing_Topi
  cs.doc ?????????

181
Speaking??1??2?

• Task 1?????
• Topics?http//aoitani.net/??downloadable
• ?????????(????????)?????
• ?module??????????????
• Task 1???????Task 2????????
• 1?2???????????????????????3,4,5,6????

182
??

• Think of an invention that changed the way you
  live. Explain how and why it did so? Please
  include specific details in your explanation.

183
???????

• I think I should pick a computer. Ah, computers
  were not available, like, you know, for the
  general public, to the general public, when I was
  a kid.
• And ah, the only option was, like, to write
  things by hand or, if its a computation, to use
  a calculator.
• But, ah, when I was a college student, computers
  ... thats when computers began to become
  available, widely available.
• And, that accelerated, ah, both computational
  work as well as, like, document processing of
  various kinds.
• And ah, I benefited greatly from a computer
  programs called LaTeX when I wrote my
  dissertation.
• And ah, right now I work through my keyboard.
  Most of my work is done through my keyboard.

184
???????

• ??30?
• ????28??????????
• ETS??????27??????30??????????

185
????????

1. Issue Statement???
2. 15??????????
3. 45????????
4. 15?????(????????)
5. 45???????
6. 15?????(????????)
7. 45???????

186
????????

1. Issue Statement???
2. 1??????
3. 15?????
4. 2???????
5. 15?????(????????)
6. 45???????

187
????Writing Topics???

• Topic?????
• 2??????????(???Pair Work)
• 2?????????(???Pair Work)
• ??3?????presentation(???Pair Work)

188
4-3-2 Technique

• Step 1 4??????
• Step 2 3???????????
• Step 3 2???????
• ???????????????????????2?3??????????
• 4/3/2?????????(3/2/1, 60/45/30 etc.)

189
??????????

• ?????
• ?????
• ???
• Writing????
• ????
• ????
• ????

190
??????

• ????3????
• Play-by-play(??)
• Pair Work(??????OK)
• ??? http//aoitani.net/TOEFL_Speech/Conversation_Q
  uestions.doc ???????

191
??????????

• ?????
• ?????
• ???
• Writing????
• ????
• ????
• ????
• ??????????

192
???????

• ??????????????
• http//aoitani.net/Essay_Corrections.html
• ????????????(???????????)??????
• ???????????????????????

193
????????

• http//aoitani.net/TOEFL_Speech/README.doc
  ????transcripts?????????????(??????)
• ?????????????????(????????)???????????????????????
  ????(??????????????????????)
• Native Speaker?speeches??????????

194
?????????

• ???????????(chunks???)
• ?????(Time-on-Task)
• ??(Repetition)
• ????(Time Pressure)
• ???????

195
????
196
????

• ???????
• ???????????
• ????????????
• ???
• ????????????
• ???????
• ???????

197
????
198
????

• ??????????
• ????????chunks??????
• ?????????????

199
Speaking???

• ????????????
• in a nutshell

200
??????????????
201
JACET8000???

• 10,000???????????
• ????????????
• ???????????????fine-tuning
• 9598??????????????
• ??????????10,000?????????????
• ?????????

202

• Task 1Choose a teacher you admire and explain
  why you admire him or her. Please include
  specific examples and details in your
  explanation.
• Task 2Some students study for classes
  individually. Others study in groups. Which
  method of studying do you think is better for
  students and why?

203
Task 1,2??? 1

• Task 1 ???????
• Task 2 ?????????
• 15/45(15??????45???)
• 15/45???
• 45????????? gtgt 15/45
• 2???????????(???)
• Pause???????????????????????organize?

204
Task 1,2??? 2

• ????????????(2??????)?????????????????????????15?
  ????????????
• 30???1?????????????????????????
• ???? gtgt ???????????????
• 4/3/2 exercise
• ?????
• ????????????????????
• 2???????????(???)
• ????????(????????????)

205
???????

• ????3??????
• ???????
• ?????

206
Integrative Tasks

• ???Reading?Listening??????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ?????????????Task 1?Task 2??????????????????Tasks
  3 to 6????????

207
???????

• Task 1?Task 2???????
• ???????????????
• TOEFL Writing Topics

208
TOEFL Writing Topics

• http//www.ets.org/Media/Tests/TOEFL/pdf/989563wt.
  pdf
• ????4/3/2???
• ????? gtgt ????
• ???15/45?????
• ????????
• ???????????

209
??Writing Topics

• http//aoitani.net/TOEFL_Speech/TOEFL_Writing_Topi
  cs.doc
• http//aoitani.net/Links.html
• ETS??????????????400????????

210
?????????? -1-

• ?????????????????? ? ??? ? ??
• ???????
• ????????????
• ??????????????
• ??????????????
• ?????????????????
• ????????
• ????????????????

211
?????????? -2-

• ???????
• ??????????????????
• ??????????
• ??????????
• ???????????
• ??????????
• ???????????????????
• ????????????????

212
?????????????

• ?????????(??????)
• ?????????
• ??????????????
• ????????????
• ??????????????????????
• ?????????

213
???????

• Listening 150 words per minute (WPM)
• Speaking ???? 100 WPM(TOEFL???????)
• Reading(???????)
• Reading Aloud 150 WPM(news reporters)
• Silent Reading up to 250 WPM(native???)
• Writing(TOEFL???)
• 150 to 225 words per 20 minutes, 300 words per 30
  minutes gtgtgtgt 100 words per 10 minutes

214
Listening Listening ??150?(150 WPM)
Speaking Speaking ??100???(gt 100 WPM)
Reading Aloud ??150?(150 WPM)
Reading Silent ??250????(250 WPM)
Writing Writing 10???100?(100 WP10M)
215
????????????
216
Expertise????

• ????
• ???????
• ??????

??????????????????
217
?????

• TOEFL PBT 620?, ????1???????
• ???3???????????????????
• 3?????????????????????Quantum Leap???????

218
??????????

• ??????????????????1?
• TOEFL??????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????

219
????????

• ????????????17,000???????????
• ??????3,000?????????
• ???6???????????????????????6????????????????????
• ??????????

220
????

• ??????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????step function????????
• ???linear?????
• ???????????????????????
• ?????????????

221
?????????

• ????????
• 2?????????????
• ??????????
• ???????????
• ????
• ?????????
• ??10??????
• ?????????????

222

• ????

223
???????

• TOEFL??????????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ?????????

224
????????????

• ??TOEFL iBT???
• (???????????????)

225
(No Transcript)
226
(No Transcript)
227

• ???0
• ??????????
• ??????????
• ??????????

228
??????

• ?????
• ???
• ????????

229
???? ?????? ?????
?????? ???????
230
?????????????

• ???????
• ??
• ???????
• ?????????
• ???????????

231
????
????(???? ????)? ? 606-8501 ?????????? ???????
????? aotani_at_aoitani.net http//aoitani.net/ TEL
075-753-2568 FAX [phone]
?????????? http//aoitani.net/Go_on_AOTANI.wmv
232
????????????

• ??? 2010?9?17?(?) 16?30?18?00?
• ????108-6027
• ???????2-15-1?????????A?27?
• ??????????(JR??????)
• ???? ????(????????????????????)