Past Tense

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Past Tense

• Preterite
• Imperfect
• Preterite vs Imperfect

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Preterite conjugation

• Regular Verb Endings
• ___-ar__ _ ____-er/-ir___
  
• -é -amos -í -imos
• -aste -asteis -iste -isteis
• -ó -aron -ió -ieron

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Preterite conjugationIrregular Yo

• Yo spelling changes
• -car -qué
• -gar -gué
• -zar -cé

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Otros verbos car

• acercarse (to come near, approach) buscar (to
  look for)
• arrancar (to pull out, start (engine) chocar (to
  crash)
• colocar (to place, put) complicar (to
  complicate)
• comunicar (to communicate) criticar (to
  criticize, critique)
• dedicar (to dedicate, devote) educar (to
  educate)
• embarcarse (to board, go on board) marcar (to
  dial, mark)
• equivocarse (to make a mistake) masticar (to
  chew)
• fabricar (to make, manufacture) pescar (to fish)
• justificar (to justify, give a reason
  for) platicar (to chat)
• practicar (to practice) secar (to dry)
• explicar (to explain)
• sacar (to take out, remove, receive grades)

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Otros verbos gar

• agregar (to add) ahogarse (to drown)
• apagar (to turn off) cargar (to carry, load)
• castigar (to punish) despegar (to take off, peel
  off)
• pagar (to pay) pegar (to hit, glue)
• tragar (to swallow) llegar (to arrive)
• encargar (to put in charge, order goods)
• Stem changers
• colgar (ue) (to hang up) fregar (ie) to wash
  dishes, scrub)
• negar (ie) (to deny) regar (ie) (to water
  plants)
• jugar (ue) (to play a game, sports)
• rogar (ue) (to beg)

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Otros verbos zar

• almorzar (to eat lunch) abrazar (to hug)
• aterrizar (to land) cruzar (to cross)
• comenzar (ie) (to begin) empezar (ie) (to begin)
  
• especializarse en (to specialize in, major in)
• garantizar (to guarantee) gozar (to enjoy)
• lanzar (to throw) rezar (to pray)
• realizar (to carry out, attain, realize)
• tranquilizar (to calm down)
• tropezar (ie) (to trip, stumble) utilizar (to
  use, make use of)

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Preterite Irregular Conjugation -uve group

• andar- to walk
• anduve, anduviste, anduvo, anduvimos,
  anduvisteis, anduvieron
• tener- to have
• tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron
• estar- to be
• estuve, estuviste, estuvo, estuvimos,
  estuvisteis, estuvieron

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Preterite Irregular Conjugation I group

• hacer- to do, to make
• hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicisteis, hicieron
• venir- to come
• vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinisteis, vinieron
• querer- to want
• quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisisteis,
  quisieron

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Preterite Irregular Conjugation J group

• traer- to bring
• traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimos, trajisteis,
  trajeron
• decir- to have
• dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron
• traducir- to translate
• (all -ucir verbs like conducir to drive)
• traduje, tradujiste, tradujo, tradujimos,
  tradujisteis, tradujeron

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Preterite Irregular Conjugation supe, pu-, pu-
group

• saber- to know
• supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supisteis, supieron
• poner- to put
• puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusisteis, pusieron
• poder- to be able
• pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron

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Preterite Irregular ConjugationOther Verbs

• caber- to fit
• cupe, cupiste, cupo, cupimos, cupisteis, cupieron
• satisfacer-
• satisfice, satisficiste, satisfizo, satisficimos,
  satisficisteis, satisficieron

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Preterite Irregular Conjugation

• Ser- to be and ir- to go.
• (You know which verb it is by using context of
  the sentence)
• fui fuimos
• fuiste fuisteis
• fue fueron

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Dar and Ver

• dar- to give ver- to see
• di dimos vi vimos
• diste disteis viste visteis
• dio dieron vio vieron

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Preterite Stem Changers

• Stem changes occur in ir verbs only.
• Stem changes occur in él/ella/Ud. and
  ellos/ellas/Uds only.
• Stem changes are
• e i
• o u

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Preterite Stem Changers

• sentir (ei, i) (to feel) advertir
  (ei, i) (to warn)
• convertir (ei, i) (to convert)
  convertirse (ei, i) (to become)
• divertir (ei, i) (to amuse) mentir
  (ei, i) (to lie)
• divertirse (ei, i) (to amuse oneself)
  preferir (ei, i) (to prefer)
• sentir (ei, i) (to feel, be sorry)
  sentirse (ei, i) (to feel)
• dormir (ue, u) (to sleep) morir (ue,
  u) (to die)
• dormirse (ue, u) (to fall asleep)

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Preterite Stem Changers

• servir (i, i) (to serve) medir (i, i) (to
  measure)
• repetir (i, i) (to repeat) seguir
  (i, i) (to continue)
• despedir (i, i) (to fire someone)
  vestir (i, i) (to dress)
• pedir (i, i) (to ask for, request) reír (i, i)
  (to smile)
• conseguir (i, i) (to get, obtain)
  sonreír (i, i) (to laugh)
• vestirse (i, i) (to dress oneself) freír (i,
  i) (to fry)
• despedirse de (i, i) (to say good-bye to)

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Preterite conjugationi to y change (not uir)

• Verbs that end in er or ir whose stem ends in
  a vowel, change i to y in the 3rd person forms,
  él/ella/Ud. and ellos/ellas/Uds only.
• leer
• leí leímos
• leíste leistéis
• leyó leyeron
• caerse (to fall down), creer (to believe), oír
  (to hear), poseer (to posess)

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Preterite conjugation-uir verbs (not guir verbs)

• Verbs ending in uir also change i to y.
• (Note there are no accents on tú, nosotros, y
  vosotros)
• concluir- (to conclude)
• concluí concluimos
• concluiste concluisteis
• concluyó concluyeron

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Preterite conjugation Other uir Verbs

• atribuir (to attribute)
• construir (to build)
• contribuir (to contribute)
• distribuir (to distribute)
• huir (to flee)
• incluir (to include)

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Translation

• The English Translation for the preterite is
•  
• Yo hablé- I spoke

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Preterite Trigger Words

• ayer anteayer
• una vez luego
• entonces de repente
• cuando anoche
• hace años que ...
• la semana pasada
• el mes/año pasado

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Preterite Uses

• Specific Action
• Happened Once
• Specific Point in Time
• Sequential Actions
• Narration (AKA telling a story)
• Interrupting Action
• Beginning or End of an action in past

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Imperfect Regular Verb Endings

• __-ar__ -er/-ir_ _
• -aba -ábamos -ía -íamos
• -abas -abais -ías -íais
• -aba -aban -ía -ían

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Imperfect 3 irregular verbs

• __ir__ __ser__ __ver__
• iba íbamos era éramos veía veíamos
• ibas ibais eras erais veías veíais
• iba iban era eran veía veían

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Imperfect Translation

• The English Translation for the imperfect is
•  
• I used to speak
• Yo hablaba- I was speaking
• I would speak
• I spoke

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Imperfect Trigger Words

• algunas veces generalmente
• muchas veces todos los días
• a menudo siempre
• frecuentemente a veces
• mientras de vez en cuando
• cada (día, año, etc.) los lunes/los martes

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Imperfect Uses

• Repeated Action
• Continuous Action
• Habitual Actions (aka Used to)
• Descriptions/ Physical Appearance/ Emotional
  State
• Background Info
• Day/Date/Weather/Age
• 2 Actions Occurring at the Same Time
• An ongoing action interrupted by another action
  (2nd action is preterite)

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Comparing Usage

• Preterite
• Specific Action
• Happened Once
• Specific Point in Time
• Sequential Actions
• Narration (AKA telling a story)
• Interrupting Action
• Beginning or End of an action in past

• Imperfect
• Repeated Action
• Continuous Action
• Habitual Actions (aka Used to)
• Descriptions/ Physical Appearance/ Emotional
  State
• Background Info
• Day/Date/Weather/Age
• 2 Actions Occurring at the Same Time
• An ongoing action interrupted by another action
  (2nd action is preterite)

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Preterite vs Imperfect verbs that change meaning

• Verb Preterite Imperfect
•  
• Conocer Conocí- I met Conocía- I knew
• (to know a person or place)
•  
• saber Supe- I found out Sabía- I knew
• (to know a fact or
• how to do something)
•  
• pensar Pensé- It dawned on me Pensaba- I
  thought
• (to think) I realized
• poder Pude- I managed Podía- I could
• (to be able, can) I
  was able

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Preterite vs Imperfect verbs that change meaning

• Verb Preterite Imperfect 
• no poder No pude- I couldnt (failed to) No
  podía- I couldnt
• (to not be able) (a specific effort and
  (No reference to specific
• failure implied) effort or failure)
•  
• querer Quise- I tried Quería- I wanted
• (to want)
•  
• no querer No quise- I refused No quería- I
  didnt
• (to not want) want to
•  
• tener Tuve- I got Tenía- I had
• (to have)

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Preterite vs Imperfect verbs that change meaning

• Verb Preterite Imperfect
• tener que Tuve que...- I had to... Tenía
  que...- I was
• (to have to...) supposed to...
•  
• costar Costó- It cost Costaba- It cost
• (to cost) (and I bought it (implies
  that I didnt buy it)