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Splash Screen
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Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction Section 1 The First
President Section 2 Early Challenges Section
3 The First Political Parties Visual Summary
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Chapter Intro
The First President Essential Question What
were the precedents that Washington established
as the first president of the United States?
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Chapter Intro
Early Challenges Essential Question What
challenges did the United States face during
Washingtons administration?
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Chapter Intro
The First Political Parties Essential Question
How did the Federalist and Republican Parties
form, and on what issues did they disagree?
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Chapter Time Line
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Chapter Time Line
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Chapter Preview-End
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Section 1-Essential Question
What were the precedents that Washington
established as the first president of the United
States?
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Section 1-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• precedent
• cabinet
• national debt

• bond
• unconstitutional
• tariff

Academic Vocabulary

• uniform

• accumulate

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Section 1-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• Thomas Jefferson
• Alexander Hamilton
• John Jay
• Bill of Rights

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Section 1-Polling Question
Which of the following do you think is the most
important of the Bill of Rights? A. Freedom of
speech B. The right to a fair trial C. The right
to keep and bear arms D. Protection from
unreasonable search and seizure

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 1
President Washington
President Washington and the new Congress had to
make many decisions about the structure of the
new government.
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Section 1
President Washington (cont.)

• George Washington and the first Congress
  established the precedents that would shape the
  future of the United States

• The inaugural address
• Two terms in office
• Creation of the cabinet
• Foreign policy of neutrality

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Section 1
President Washington (cont.)

• In 1789 Congress set up three departments within
  the executive branch of government. The heads of
  each department became known as the cabinet.

• The State Department, led by Thomas Jefferson,
  handled relations with other nations.
• The Department of the Treasury, led by Alexander
  Hamilton, handled financial matters.

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Section 1
President Washington (cont.)

• The Department of War handled the nations
  defense.

• The federal court system was set up by the
  Judiciary Act of 1789 in order to reach a
  compromise between those who wanted a uniform
  legal system and those who favored state courts.

• Federal courts could overturn state court
  decisions, but state laws remained intact.

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Section 1
President Washington (cont.)

• John Jay became the first chief justice of the
  Supreme Court

• In order to keep the federal government from
  becoming too strong, the Bill of Rights was added
  to the Constitution to guarantee states rights
  and individual civil liberties.

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Section 1
Which of the following is NOT a branch of the US
Government? A. The Executive branch B. The
Judicial branch C. The Military branch D. The
Legislative branch

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 1
The New Countrys Economy
The new countrys economy developed under the
guidance of Alexander Hamilton.
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Section 1
The New Countrys Economy (cont.)

• The new nation faced serious financial problems
  with a growing national debt.

• Hamilton asked Congress that bonds, which had
  been purchased to fund the Revolution be paid off
  at their original value.
• Southern states had accumulated much less debt
  than northern states, so Hamilton agreed to
  locate the nations new capital in the South in
  return for southern leaders support for his
  repayment plan.

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Section 1
The New Countrys Economy (cont.)

• Much discussion was held about whether the
  creation of a national bank was unconstitutional.
• Hamilton proposed a tariff on foreign goods and
  established national taxes on goods like whiskey
  to help pay off the national debt.

Economics History
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Section 1
Which of the following is not a part of Alexander
Hamiltons plan for strengthening the nations
economy? A. Repaying debt to foreign countries
B. Establishing a national bank C. Collecting
national taxes D. Issuing bonds to American
citizens

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 1-End
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Section 2-Essential Question
What challenges did the United States face during
Washingtons administration?
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Section 2-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• neutrality
• impressment

Academic Vocabulary

• challenge
• maintain

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Section 2-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• Whiskey Rebellion
• Battle of Fallen Timbers
• Treaty of Greenville
• Edmond Genêt
• Jays Treaty
• Pinckneys Treaty

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Section 2-Polling Question
Do you think it is right for the U.S. government
to use force to keep order? A. Yes,
always B. Yes, under certain circumstances C. No
, never

1. A
2. B
3. C

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Section 2
The Whiskey Rebellion and the West
The new government was faced with challenges in
Pennsylvania and on the frontier.
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Section 2
The Whiskey Rebellion and the West (cont.)

• An armed mob of Pennsylvania farmers, angry at
  the government-imposed whiskey tax, attacked tax
  collectors and burned down buildings.
• Washington and his advisors met this challenge by
  crushing the Whiskey Rebellion, sending a
  message to the people that the government would
  use force when necessary to maintain order.

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Section 2
The Whiskey Rebellion and the West (cont.)

• Washington made treaties with Native Americans,
  hoping to lessen Spanish and British influence on
  them.
• Many Americans believed that an alliance with
  France would help them defeat the British,
  Spanish, and Native Americans in the West.
• A defeat at the Battle of Fallen Timbers crushed
  the Native Americans hopes of keeping their land.

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Section 2
The Whiskey Rebellion and the West (cont.)

• In the Treaty of Greenville, the United States
  claimed most of the land in what is now Ohio from
  Native American groups.

Native American Campaigns
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Section 2
Which of the following is not a Native American
Nation? A. Shawnee B. Miami C. Cherokee D. Manat
ee

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 2
Problems with Europe
President Washington wanted the nation to remain
neutral in foreign conflicts.
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Section 2
Problems with Europe (cont.)

• Washington wanted the United States to maintain
  neutrality when England and France went to war in
  1793
• When French diplomat Edmond Genêt tried to
  recruit American volunteers to fight the British,
  Washington issued a Proclamation of Neutrality.
• The British practice of impressment was to
  capture American trading ships and force American
  crews into the British navy.

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Section 2
Problems with Europe (cont.)

• In Jays Treaty, the British agreed to withdraw
  from American soil, but did not agree to stop the
  practice of impressment.
• Pinckneys Treaty gave the Americans free
  navigation of the Mississippi River and the right
  to trade at New Orleans.

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Section 2
Jays Treaty was an agreement with what country?
A. Spain B. France C. Britain D. Russia

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 2-End
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Section 3-Essential Question
How did the Federalist and Republican Parties
form, and on what issues did they disagree?
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Section 3-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• partisan
• implied powers
• caucus
• alien

• sedition
• nullify
• states rights

Academic Vocabulary

• resolve

• principle

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Section 3-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• XYZ affair
• Alien and Sedition Acts
• Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

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Section 3-Polling Question
What do you think is the most important principle
of Jeffersons Republican party? A. Strong
emphasis on states rights B. Accessibility of
politics to the average citizen C. Strict
interpretation of the Constitution D. Protection
of civil liberties

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 3
Opposing Views
By 1796, Americans began to take opposing sides
on issues. Two political parties emerged from the
debates.
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Section 3
Opposing Views (cont.)

• Washington and Hamilton disapproved of political
  parties, worrying that they would divide the
  nation. Others, like Thomas Jefferson, favored
  their formation.
• Though he tried to remain neutral, Washington was
  often partisan to Hamiltons views, supporting
  Hamiltons beliefs in the implied powers of the
  federal government.

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Section 3
Opposing Views (cont.)

• By the mid-1790s, two distinct political parties
  formed

• the Federalists
• the Democratic-Republicans, or Republicans

• In addition to the difference in their
  interpretation of the Constitution, the two
  parties also disagreed over the role of the
  American citizen in politics.

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Section 3
Opposing Views (cont.)

• In the presidential election of 1976

• Federalists and Republicans held caucuses.
• The Republicans nominated Thomas Jefferson.
• The Federalists nominated John Adams.
• In the end, John Adams received 71 electoral
  votes, winning the election.

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Section 3
Which of the following was NOT a United States
political party? A. Democrats B. Revisionists C.
Republicans D. Federalists

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 3
President John Adams
During his administration, President John Adams
faced a dispute with France and the issue of
states rights at home.
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Section 3
President John Adams (cont.)

• The XYZ Affair of 1797 was a French attempt to
  collect bribes to help resolve the United States
  conflict with France.
• Americans began to grow suspicious of aliens,
  especially those from France, and feared
  sedition.

The Alien and Sedition Acts
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Section 3
President John Adams (cont.)

• In response to the Federalists Alien and
  Sedition Acts, the Republicans drafted the
  Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, which sought
  to preserve individual liberties and nullify
  federal laws they deemed unconstitutional.
• The principle of states rights gained strength
  among the Republicans.

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Section 3
Which of the following is true of the Virginia
and Kentucky Resolutions? A. They were drafted
by Federalists opposing Republican uses of
federal power. B. They claimed that the Alien
and Sedition Acts violated the
constitution. C. They distributed land to
settlers in Virginia and Kentucky. D. They
rejected the principle of states rights.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 3-End
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VS 1
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Figure 1
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Figure 2
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Figure 3
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Vocab1
precedent a tradition
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Vocab2
cabinet a group of advisers to the president
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Vocab3
national debt the amount of money a national
government owes to other governments or its
people
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Vocab4
bond a note issued by the government, which
promises to pay off a loan with interest
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Vocab5
unconstitutional not agreeing or consistent with
the Constitution
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Vocab6
tariff a tax on imports or exports
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Vocab7
uniform identical unchanging
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Vocab8
accumulate collect gather together
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Vocab9
neutrality a position of not taking sides in a
conflict
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Vocab10
impressment forcing people into service, as in
the navy
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Vocab11
challenge demanding situation
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Vocab12
maintain keep or uphold
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Vocab13
partisan favoring one side of an issue
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Vocab14
implied powers powers not specifically mentioned
in the Constitution
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Vocab15
caucus a meeting held by a political party to
choose its partys candidate for president or to
decide policy
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Vocab16
alien an immigrant living in a country in which
he or she is not a citizen
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Vocab17
sedition activities aimed at weakening
established government
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Vocab18
nullify to cancel or make ineffective
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Vocab19
states rights rights and powers independent of
the federal government that are reserved for the
states by the Constitution the belief that
states rights supersede federal rights and law
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Vocab20
resolve bring to an end
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Vocab21
principle basic or fundamental reason, truth,
or law
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