Animal Farm

1
Animal Farm

• A Satire/Allegory on the Russian Revolution

2
Russian Revolution

• How It Started
• Czar Nicolas II
• absolute power
• huge social gulf between the peasants and the
  land owner and the elite
• peasants and workers begin rebelling against the
  Czar in 1905

3
The Russian Revolution 1917-1945

• Tsar Nicholas II (Monarch of Russia) -surrendered
  power after a complicated civil war
• His family was in rule for three centuries
• Very small portion of people owned everything
• most were poor
• Alexander Kerensky became Premier and was soon
  ousted

4
Bolshevik power

• Vladimir Lenin was leader
• gained control in 1917
• had the Romanov family murdered in 1918
• wanted Communism

5
Russian Revolution Leaders

• Vladimir Lenin (Builder of the Russian
  Revolution) based his theories on Karl Marx (and
  Frederick Engles) both were German philosophers
  and the writers of The Communist Manifesto
• Lenin became ill and a need for new leadership
  arose
• Four People struggle for power
• Joseph Stalin
• Gregory Zinoviev
• Leon Trotsky
• Lev Kamenev

6
Communism

• Comes from the root word of community
• -equal distribution of wealth and possessions
  among Russias citizens
• Karl Marx is The father of communism

7
About Lenin

• Marxist revolutionist
• led Bolsheviks
• used the Red Guard to stop others from taking
  over Russia, then used it to take over Russia
  himself
• led a campaign of Red Terror" in 1918
• a systematic plot to execute opponents of
  communism

8
Lenin

• created a New Economic Policy
• allowed for limited private ownership of land and
  business
• Called it breathing space for Communism to
  prevail
• moved capital to Moscow
• renamed Russia to Soviet Union in 1922
• named his party the Communist party in 1917
• October Revolution killed many to gain control
  and instate Communism

9
More about Lenin

• named Joseph Stalin -Secretary General
• powerful position in Communist party
• ability to make appointments to other positions
  of power
• ability to gain important allies
• 1922 Lenin suffered paralyzing strokes
• removed from leadership position
• 1924 Lenin dies
• Stalin and Trotsky struggle for power

10
Russian Revolution Power

• Joseph Stalin Built his power behind the lines
• Leon Trotsky Was popular/charismatic, and
  famous for his speeches
• Lenin dies in 1924 Stalin leads an alliance
  against Trotsky and becomes Dictator of Russia

11
Stalin Wins!

• Stalin out-maneuvers Trotsky and gains control
• Stalin starts to isolate Trotsky within the party
  because he is a threat

12
Leon Trotsky

• gifted speaker and writer
• political genius
• tried to end Russian involvement in WWI
• great thoughts and plans but had trouble actually
  installing them
• was not liked by Lenin

13
Joseph Stalin In Control

• 1924 assumes full control after Lenin dies

14
Stalins Repression Terror

• terrorized country with widespread arrests and
  executions
• anyone thought to be opposed to Stalin and
  Communism was executed on the spot

15
Reign of Terror

• 1934 great purges and show trials
• sent millions to Soviet labor camps
• 2-7 million innocent citizens are murdered
• forced confessions
• public accusations
• employed KGB to repress any opposition
• used publications to report statistics
  inaccurately in his favor

16
Secret Police

• Created secret police force KGB, later known as
  the NKVD
• August 1938 Stalin brought Beria to Moscow as
  deputy head of the People's Commissariat for
  Internal Affairs (NKVD)

Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria
17
Stalins Plan

• 1928 First Five Year Plan
• attempt to make Russia a modern industrial state
• comrades need to work harder so Soviet Russia
  can be a beacon of hope to workers everywhere
• The following Poster is one that was used during
  the first Five Year plan in order to get the
  message across that the Soviet people should work
  together and promote industrialization.

18
Stalin in Power

• 1933 Second Five Year Plan- emphasized rapid
  growth of Soviet Industry
• this worked fairly well
• by the end, Soviet Russia was a formidable world
  power

19
Cult Of Personality

• A cult of personality or personality cult arises
  when a country's leader uses mass media to create
  a larger-than-life public image through
  unquestioning flattery and praise.

20
Stalin the cult of personality
21
Secret Agreement

• German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact secret
  agreement between Stalin and Hitler
• neither country would attack each other

22
Liar!

• Hitler lied!
• 1941- Operation Barbarossa
• Germany fully attacks Russia!

23
Stalins Rule Against Trotsky

• After Stalin came to power he wanted Trotsky out
• Trotsky was banished three times from three
  places
• 1st Expelled from Moscow
• 2nd Expelled from the Communist Party
• 3rd Expelled from Russia in 1936
• Trotsky fled to Mexico in 1936
• He was assassinated by Stalins orders in 1940
• Stalin also had others assassinated under his
  rule including one of his own Serge Kirov in
  1934. This was done as a show-trial.

24
Trotskys Blame

• During Stalins rule
• Russias economic system failed
• Violence, fear, and starvation occurred
  throughout the country
• Trotsky was blamed for it all
• called Trotskyism
• Trotsky was blamed even after his assassination
• Those who were associated with Trotsky were
  executed
• In all, over 20 million citizens were purged
  (killed or imprisoned)

25
Stalins Doctors' plot

• Alleged conspiracy to eliminate the leadership of
  the Soviet Union by means of Jewish doctors
  taking top leadership.
• If America would see the way the Jews were
  treated, USA would want to fight Russia.
• After the death of Joseph Stalin in March 1953,
  the new Soviet leaders admitted that the case was
  fabricated.

26
Stalin Dies

• Stalin ruled as absolute dictator throughout WWII
  and until his death on March 5th, 1953.
• Theory on how he died
• 1.Stalin was poisoned with warfarin, a powerful
  rat poison that makes blood rush to your brain,
  and the victim has a hemorrhagic stroke
  (cerebral hemorrhage).
• 2.He probably suffered a stroke that paralyzed
  the right side of his body, later dying of
  cerebral hemorrhage.

27
Communism

• Communism
• Social Utopia where all property is held in
  common and ALL are equal
• (Production and goods are commonly owned)

Friedrich Engels Karl Marx
28
Socialism

• Socialism A social system or theory in which
  the producers possess political power and the
  means of producing and distributing goods

29
Capitalism
Adam Smith

• Capitalism Economic system characterized by
  open competition in a free market and by private
  corporate ownership of the means of production
  and distribution

Smith devised a set of concepts that remain
strongly associated with capitalism today,
particularly his theory of the "invisible hand"
of the market, through which the pursuit of
individual interest produces a collective good
for society.
30
Symbolism

• Russian Revolution Animal Farm
• Stalin Napoleon
• Communism Animalism

31
Allegory

• Underlying meaning and surface meaning
• Grand in scope

32
FABLE

• A short story that has a moral and has animals as
  characters

33
SATIRE

• A story that makes fun of something

34
George Orwell

• George Orwell Eric Blair
• Animal Farm A Fairy Story
• Orwell was born in England in 1903 and passed
  away in 1950
• Educated at private schools including Eton
• Was a part of snobbishness and elitism which lead
  him to hating the class system
• disapproved of Communism
• a socialist
• Communism was not pure socialism because
• gulf in society
• control of the peasants
• hypocritical
• used his writings to communicate a political
  message

35
Orwell and Satire

• Orwell became a socialist as well as a satirist
• Satire The use of ridicule to attack
  ideas/failures/evil action
• Orwell became a critic of capitalism and
  communism
• Animal Farm is a Satire and an Allegory

36
Characters and Their Historical Correlation

• Napoleon Pig, Joseph Stalin and Napoleon B. of
  France
• Snowball Pig, Leon Trotsky
• Boxer Cart Horse, Working Class
  Society/Inability to think for self
• Squealer Pig, Spread propaganda
• Major Prize Winning Boar, Karl Marx and V.
  Lenin
• Clover Female Cart Horse, Ignorant Society
• Moses Tame Raven, Religion/Hope
• Mollie Mare, Bourgeoisie (upper middle-class)
• Benjamin Long Lived Donkey, Satirist Change
  is inevitable

37
Characters and Their Historical Correlation

• Muriel Goat, helps convey the rules/7
  commandments
• Mr. Jones Manor Farm, Tsar Nicholas II
• Mr. Frederick Pinchfield Farm, Hitler/Nazi
  Germany
• Mr. Pilkington Foxwood Farm, Capitalist
  England/U.S.A.
• Mr. Whymper Human Solicitor, ties humans and
  animals together
• Jessie and Bluebell/Pups Dogs, Stalins brute
  force-rep. of Hitlers brainwashed society
• Minimus Poet Pig, Manipulator of History
  (Songs)

38
Chapters 1 (Summary)

• Drunken Mr. Jones to bed/animals meet in the barn
• Major Wishes to pass his wisdom
• Talks about miserable lives and manipulation/born
  as slaves
• Could live in luxury given the resources
• Use the products of their labors
• Dream from the Previous Night
• Live free and happy
• Animals vs. humans (2 legged walking creatures)
• Once they take the humans they cant acquire
  their traits
• Ex live in a house, sleep in beds, drink,
  smoke, , clothes, trade (p. 31)
• Beasts of England --- an animal Utopia
• Mr. Jones fires a shotgun and stops the commotion

39
Chapter 1 (Analysis)

• Beasts of England- the animals will finally be
  free from mans dominationenjoy the fruits of
  their labors
• The song words lead to a false reality
• (Reality vs. a Dream Utopia)
• Majors simple belief is that Man is the only
  reason for their evil (makes it easy for anyone
  non human to buy in to the situation
• Idea touches on class struggle, surplus value,
  and domination
• Idea is sincere, but its only a fantasyjust
  like . . .
• Major states All animals are equal
• Lenin dies just as Major leaving his work
  unfinished
• Ch. 1Historic to period before and during WWI
• Ends with great unrest!

40
Chapter 2 (Summary)

• Napoleon/Snowball description (35)
• The Rebellion -- Animals take farm and preserve
  the house
• Animalism
• Moses -- Sugar Candy Mountain
• 7 Commandments
• 1. 2 legs is the enemy
• 2. 4 legs or wings is a friend
• 3. No clothes
• 4. No bed
• 5. No alcohol
• 6. Not kill any other animal
• 7. All animals are equal

41
Chapter 2 (Analysis)

• Russian Revolution Becomes very clear
• Manor Farm - Part feudal, Part capitalist
  Russia
• Major represents Marxs philosophy of communism,
  and Lenin who enacted it Animalism
• Animalsworking class (esp. Boxer and Clover)
• Pigs intelligentsia (organized and controlled
  the Rev.)
• Squealer Propaganda
• Moses Russian Orthodox Church
• Mollie Bourgeoisie (Luxuries)
• Russia began with noble ideas including moral
  dignity and equality -- quickly gone on Animal
  Farm
• Orwells description of pre-rebellion misery --
  social inequality and mistreatment of workers

42
Chapter 3 (Summary)

• 4 legs good, 2 legs bad -
• Pigs take charge/superiority-
• take the milk
• raise the pups
• A lot of work is done- BOXER I will work harder
• Flag with hoof and horn (Russian Flag)
• Snowball and Napoleon fight (p48)
• Pigs take human ways (p49)
• Socialists goals became meaningless tools used
  for control
• 4 legs/2 legswhat about wings?
• Dog Army-(p51)
• Manipulation (Read Passage)-(p52)

43
Chapter 3 (Analysis)

• Boxers (Peoples) blind faith in the system
• Imbalance of knowledge and literacy
• Pigs/Stalin -- sole guardians of Animal
  Farm/Russian principals
• 7 Commandments
• Antihuman directive (no clothes), moral values
  (do not kill other animal), utopian ideas (all
  animals equal)
• 4 legs good/2 legs bad not part of the above
  ideals
• Propaganda was used to ignore their own
  unhappiness/shift focus
• Squealer Propaganda to control the people
• Satire Good of the State emphasizes
  Russias own downfall - pokes fun

44
Chapter 4 (Summary)

• The Short Version
• Battle of Cowshed
• Medals Animal Hero First Class
• Snowball and Boxer

45
Chapter 4 (Analysis)

• Allusion Julius Caesar
• Russian Interwar Period
• Trotsky In order for Communism to work, it has
  to be global
• Domino Effect Non communists become communist
• Pres. Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson
  used this to justify military involvement in
  Turkey, Greece, and Vietnam
• Rumors spread of Russia
• People fight but dont understand what they are
  fighting for
• Their own oppression Irony
• Orwell was (perhaps) denouncing Comm. non-Comm.
• Mr. Jones Irresponsible/Neglect
• Mr. P Dont do anything

46
Chapter 5 (Summary)

• Mollie decides to change sides
• Napoleon/Snowball argue a lot
• Each campaign for supporters
• Windmill plans completed debate over the
  project
• Snowball is attacked and ousted
• Napoleon takes power (Pig Power)
• Boxer adds to his catch phrase I will work
  harder
• Napoleon is always right

47
Chapter 5 (Analysis)

• Napoleon rises as did Stalin
• Snowball/Trotsky is banished
• Stalin has his own secret police (intelligentsia)
  Dogs
• 3rd World Country (p64)- Build technology/electric
  ity
• Stalin first balked at it, then adopted it as his
  own idea
• Orwell was part of a Trotskyist group in the late
  1930s during the Spanish Civil War
• Could be why Snowball is looked at in a positive
  manner
• Importance of technological advances in Russia is
  essential
• Much effort was put into the overall change
• As previously mention-Stalin shunned it at 1st,
  then took it as his own

48
Chapter 6 (Summary)

• Work weeks were now 60hr/wk and work on Sundays
• Food rations were cut
• Animals eager to take more work b/c its for
  their own benefit
• Mr. Whimper -- Human solicitor introduced
• Used to obtain outside goods needed (iron, nails,
  paraffin oil)
• Pigs now live and sleep in farm house
• Commandments changed
• No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets
• Storm destructs windmill
• Supposed work of Snowball
• Snowball is given a death sentence

49
Chapter 6 (Analysis)

• Government Oppression (not just in Russia)
• Overworked working class
• Government justified luxuries
• Propaganda is used to cover up mistakes
• Governments tend to blame others for their own
  deficiencies and wrong doings to keep their own
  standing
• Ex Communist Russia vs. Trotskyism
• Ex U.S.A. vs. Communism
• By shifting the blame it is easy to manipulate
• Orwells idea Tyranny is Cyclical
• More Power More Corrupt
• Pigs evolve into grotesque human beings --
  increased resemblance to humans

50
Chapter 7 (Summary)

• Harsh winter w/ food shortage (p85) Animals are
  misled
• Humans dont believe Snowball ruined wall --
  rebuilt at 3 thick
• Egg shortage - increased export/morally wrong
• Hens rebel and 9 die
• Snowballs supposed visits to farm- Everything
  blamed on him
• Tied to Pinchfield (associate of Mr. Jones p
  89)
• Battle of Cowshed - bravery taken away and used
  against him p90
• Napoleons battle bravery is hyped up
• Squealers persuasion makes them believe p90
• Napoleon stages a purge and takes more power
• Pigs are forced to falsely confess to conspiracy
  w/Snowball
• They are said to be Trotskyists and immediately
  killed p91/92
• Boxer stands up for the animals - Napoleon
  immediately stops Boxer
• Egg rebellion confession - 3 more hens killed

51
Chapter 7 (Summary Cont.)

• Boxers explanation of problem at hand p94
• The fault is our own WORK HARDER
• Clover wonders how farm could have gotten like it
  is
• Animals not smart enough to figure it out
• Squealer No more beasts of England
• Song only applies to the rebellion - no need for
  rebellion now
• New song with no inspiration
• Animal Farm. . . - Glorifies the situation

52
Chapter 7 (Analysis)

• Stalins 5 year plan for agriculture resulted in
  starvation of millions
• Industrial production was also down
• Violent tactics of oppressive governments
• Massive class divisions in egalitarian/true
  communist society
• Stalin also had show trials (trials w/ preset
  outcome)
• Forced people to admit Trotskyism
• People tortured until admission then executed
• Stalin kept a common enemy - Trotsky
• Create fear for people - no one challenged his
  rule
• Manipulated statistics - illusion that all is
  good/better
• Fear installed b/c people believe propaganda
• An indestructible dictatorship formed - far from
  communism

53
Chapter 8 (Summary)

• No kill commandment is changed to . . . w/out
  cause
• Animals work harder to rebuild windmill
• Very cold winter with famine
• Napoleon takes title of Leader
• Minimus writes a poem on barn praising Napoleon
• Controversy between Frederick and Pilkington w/
  firewood
• Windmill is finished - Mr. F. and men blow it up
• Several animals are killed/Boxer is injured
• Pigs get drunk
• Squealer caught w/ paint brush (changing
  commandments)
• Animals not smart enough to figure it out
• Alcohol Commandment Changed to . . . In excess

54
Chapter 8 (Analysis)

• Overall idea of manipulated rules and govt. to
  benefit the politically and militaristic powers
• Minimuss Poem great irony/satire of patriotic
  rhetoric
• Creates a misdirection (propaganda) for the
  public
• Pilkington vs. Frederick Incident
• Russia/Stalins back and forth nature of siding
  with Germany and then the Allies at the outset of
  WWII
• _at_ last moment, Stalin signs a non-aggression pact
  with Hitler
• Hitler (Frederick) betrays his word and invades
  Western Russia killing 25 million Russians and
  destroying much of the infrastructure built up
  during the Russian Revolution
• This is known as the Battle of Stalingrad
• Movie Enemy at the Gate

55
Chapter 9 (Summary)

• Start to rebuild the Windmill
• Boxer grows weak
• Food Shortage Evident (but not for Pigs and Dogs)
• They say its still better than Mr. Joness era
• Napoleon has 31 piglets w/4 sows - builds a
  schoolhouse
• Spontaneous demonstrations promoting animal farm
• Animal farm declared a Republic - Napoleon named
  Pres.
• Snowball has rumored to say Long live humanity
  during the battle of cowshed
• Sugar Candy Mountain stories started again by
  Moses
• Boxer falls and collapses
• Arranged for ambulance (Glue Factory)
• Boxer announced as incurable and had died (False
  info)

56
Chapter 9 (Analysis)

• Blatant downfall of Animal Farm/Russia
• Boxers death is ironic
• He worked for the good of all, but is sold for
  the good of a few
• Boxer is sold for alcohol
• His death breaks a lot of commandments
• Death in a Glue Factory increases the dramatic
  power of Orwells words
• Russian administration exhausted its worker
  resources and then discarded them
• Return of Moses means shift of focus of working
  class
• Stalin brought back the Russian Orthodox Church
  after WWII
• Spontaneous Demonstrations Ironic b/c they
  werent spontaneous, they were all planned out
  for propaganda

57
Chapter 10 (Summary)

• Many years have now passed (Dead Muriel,
  Pincher, Bluebell, Jessie, Mr. Jones, . . .)
• Windmill is now used for corn more
• Pigs and dogs are still in luxury
• Other animals still accept the goals of the
  original Rebellion
• This is a world free of humans with equality for
  animals
• Squealer is now walking on his hind legs only
• Sheep adopt the maxim 4 legs good, 2 legs
  better
• Only 1 commandment is left!
• All animals are equal, but some are more equal
  than others
• Napoleon smokes pipe, others read, use
  radio/phone, wear clothes
• Napoleon and Pilkington toast each other - No
  more Comrade
• Name changed back to Manor Farm
• Card Game - Ace of Spades played at the same time
  (Nap/Pilk)
• No longer distinguish the card players from the
  humans/pigs

58
Chapter 10 (Analysis)

• Totalitarian Communism (controlled by the
  state/dictator)
• No socialism or utopia at all
• Napoleon B. (France) used to be thought of as
  great during his conquest until he crowned
  himself emperor of France
• Instead of abolishing aristocracy, he formed it
  around himself
• Hope is help, until the end - provides dramatic
  contrast
• Original ideas by Major/Marx Dream/Philosophy
• Very shocking language - evolution of events
• Cooperation of Russia and the West during WWII is
  evident
• Quarrel over what both desire but cant have is
  evident
• WORLD DOMINATION
• Banquet shows coop w/ Eng./U.S.A./Russia during
  WWII
• Stalin dies in 1953