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Its not that Im so smart, its just that I
stay with problems longer. Albert Einstein
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Docking, Castrating and Dehorning
(Cornuectomy)Disbudding
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• Docking (91 ), castrating (78), and
  disbudding are management practices routinely
  performed on sheep and goat farms.
• Maintaining a high standard of animal welfare
  should
• be a consideration in all decisions related to
  docking, castrating, and disbudding.

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Docking lambs

• The tail protects the sheep's anus, vulva, and
  udder from weather extremes.
• Docking prevents fecal matter from accumulating
  on the tail and hindquarters of sheep and lambs.
• Research has shown that tail docking greatly
  reduces fly strike (wool maggots), while having
  no ill effect on lamb mortality or performance.

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Banding tails

• The simplest and most common method apply a
  rubber ring (band) to the tail using an
  elastrator tool.
• Banding is a bloodless method of tail docking.
• The band cuts off the blood supply to the tail,
• The tail falls off in 7 to 10 days.
• Some producers cut the dead tail off before it
  falls off.

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• Lambs should be at least 24 hours old before
  bands are applied,
• Bands should only be applied during the lamb's
  first week of life.
• When the elastrator technique is used, it is very
  important that the lamb be protected against
  tetanus

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• If it is practical, the use of a local
  anesthetic, such a lidocaine, can be used to
  reduce the pain felt by the lamb.

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• Scrub with betadine for disinfecting, also it
  helps for position correctly the rubber band
• Landmark no shorter than the distal end of the
  caudal tail fold
• Too short rectal vaginal prolapse
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v6EkEm7Rbm7k

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Castration of rams and bucks

• The decision to castrate ram lambs and buck kids
  should be based on the management preferences of
  the producer and the demands of the market place.
  
• Ram lambs grow faster than ewe and wether lambs
  and when ram lambs are marketed at a young age
  (less than 5-6 months), the market place usually
  does not discriminate in price.
• Buck kids grow faster than wether kids until they
  reach sexual maturity

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Castration by banding

• An elastrator band can be placed around the neck
  of the scrotum, with care taken not to place the
  band over the rudimentary teats.
• The scrotum will shrivel up and fall off in two
  to three weeks.
• As with docking, the dead scrotum may be
  removed after a few days.
• Both testicles must be below the placement of the
  band. If one testicle is missed

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Castration

• Both testicles must be below the placement of the
  band.
• If one testicle is missed, it will be retained in
  the belly cavity, resulting in a "bucky" lamb or
  kid.
• A short-scrotum is a male whose testicles are
  pushed above the band.

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• Castration by banding is painful and should be
  done at a young age (1 to 7 days). Some experts
  advocate the use of lidocaine to reduce the pain
  felt by the animal.
• As with banding tails, lambs and kids should be
  protected against tetanus though either
  colostridial immunity or use of the tetanus
  anti-toxin at the time of castration.

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• 10 days later

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Surgical castration of ram lambs and buck
kids

• Testicles may be surgically removed. With
  surgical castration, a sharp knife or preferably
  a scalpel is used to remove the bottom one-third
  of the scrotal sac.
• The testicles are removed and the wound is
  allowed to drain and heal naturally.
• It is essential that proper aseptic technique be
  used when the surgical method of castration is
  used.
• http//www.esgpip.info/PDF/Technical20bulletin20
  No18.html

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Castration small ruminants

• Burdizzo emasculatome
• Crushes the spermatic cord
• which crushes the blood vessels
• (thus depriving the testicles of
• blood supply) and causing them to
• shrivel up and die
• Dont use cattle-size Burdizzo
• By six weeks of age

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Hoof care
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Squeeze shut
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METHODS

• Disbudding
• Electric disbudding iron
• Chemical cautery
• Dehorning
• Barnes dehorner (pg 503)
• Gigli wire

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Pros and Cons of dehorning

• PROS
• Dangerous weapons
• Damage can done by fighting
• Feedlots typically pay less money for horned
  animals
• Can cause damage to the facilities
• Horns may also become tangled in fences,
  branches, and other objects
• It is the best interest of the animal to remove
  the horns at the early age

• CONS (dehorning)
• tetanus
• sinusitis
• myiasis
• Abortion
• decreased milk production
• Death
• prolonged healing time of the resultant surgical
  defect
• regrowth of the horns (scur formation)

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• Longitudinal cross-section of a horn, showing
  extension of the frontal sinus of the skull into
  the horn. Dehorning, which is performed at the
  base of the horn, exposes the sinus
• Disbudding destroys horn cells

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Surgical Removal

• Dehorning is usually performed on a conscious,
  sedated animal with local anesthesia for control
  of pain.

Infratrochlear halfway between the medial horn
base and the medial canthus of the eye
Cornual nerve blocked halfway between the
lateral horn base and the lateral canthus of the
eye
Anesthesia for dehorning in the goat. A, Needle
placement for desensitizing the cornual branch of
the lacrimal nerve. B, Needle placement for
desensitizing the cornual branch of the
infratrochlear nerve
Needle placement for desensitizing the cornual
nerve in the bovine. The cornual nerve follows
the temporal ridge to the base of the horn
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Dehorning

• Anesthesia
• Feed and water should be withheld for 24 hrs. and
  12 hrs., respectively
• Xylazine 0.05 mg/lb (20 mg/ml) and butorphanol
  0.05 mg/lb mixed together and given IM or IV
  followed by local block
• Tolazoline (reversal for xylazine) at 2 mg/lb
• If general anesthesia is preferred
• ketamine and valium can be added to the below
  protocol by mixing ketamine and valium together
  11 and administering 1cc/20lb of the combination
  IV.
• inhalation anesthesia may be used
• Local block
• 1 cc of 1 lidocaine or bupivicaine SQ (cornual
  and infratrochlear)
• lidocaine toxicity (muscular tremors, severe
  depression, hypotension and occasionally
  convulsions) avoid using more than 13cc of 2
  lidocaine per 100 lb

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Dehorning

• Surgical preparation
• The skin is incised approximately 1.5 cm from the
  base of the horn (incorporate all germinal
• or nonhaired epithelium in the horn removal to
  lessen the likelihood of regrowth or scur
  formation)
• 3. Assistant supporting the goat's head
• 4. Gigli wire is seated under the caudal aspect
  of the skin incision on one side and the horn is
  sawed off
• in a cranial direction
• 5. Hemostasis can be applied to control
  hemorrhage from the superficial temporal artery
• 6. Remove all blood clots and bone chips/dust
  from the frontal sinuses
• 7. Bandage (nonadherant dressing (Adaptic)
  covered with antibiotic ointment) EOD week 1
  SIW until sinusess close
• 8. Flunixin should be administered for 2-3 days
  post-operatively and antibiotic administration is
  at the discretion of the surgeon. Tetanus
  antitoxin (500 IU) should always be given and a
  dose of a CD-T bacterin can also be administered
  to boost immunity.

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Chemical Cautery

• Example Procedure for Dehorning
• 1. 10 min before dehorning calves are
• sedated with xylazine (0.2 mg/kg IM).
• 2. Hair is clipped around each horn bud, a
• thin film of caustic paste (2 cm diameter)
• is rubbed into the scalp until each horn
• bud is evenly coated, and a ring of
• petroleum jelly is applied around the paste
• to prevent spreading.
• 3. Calves are allowed to rest sternally until
• recovered from sedation.

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(A) Well-healed scabs after caustic paste
dehorning (B) Over-application of caustic paste
can damage the calf.
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• Dehorning Chiva

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Heat Cautery - Disbudding

• This is he fast and almost bloodless method is
  popular, specially in goat kids (3-7 days)
• The tip of the disbudding iron is shaped in an
  open circle.
• When the electric disbudding iron is sufficiently
  heated, the tip is centered over the horn bud and
  applied with circular rocking motion with light
  pressure
• circular tip of the iron should be about ¾ of an
  inch in diameter
• 8 to 15 seconds
• You will see a copper-colored" ring around the
  horn bud if the procedure went as it should
• http//video.google.com/videosearch?qdehorninggo
  atswww_google_domainwww.google.comhlenemb0a
  q0oqdehorninggoat
• http//video.google.com/videosearch?qdehorninggo
  atswww_google_domainwww.google.comhlenemb0a
  q0oqdehorninggoat

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References

• http//www.sheepandgoat.com/articles/castdockdisb.
  html
• http//veterinarycalendar.dvm360.com/avhc/article/
  articleDetail.jsp?id587158skdatepageID2

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Review

• ID - Breeds
• Terminology
• http//quizlet.com/3852511/production-animal-final
  -flash-cards/
• TPR of ruminants and PE
• Gestation period of ruminants
• Restraint
• Management procedures docking,
  dehorning/debudding, castration