Regulation of Gene Expression

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Regulation of Gene Expression

• Pages 351-377

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Key Concepts

• Bacteria often respond to environmental change by
  regulating transcription.
• Eukaryotic gene expression can be regulated at
  any stage.
• Noncoding RNAs play multiple roles in controlling
  gene expression.
• A program of differential gene expression leads
  to the different cell types in a multicellular
  organism.
• Cancer results from genetic changes that affect
  cell cycle control.

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18.1 Bacteria often respond to environmental
change by regulating transcription.
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Operons- Tryp and Repressible Operon
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Lac Operon- An inducible enzymes
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Positive Gene Regulation
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18.2 Eukaryotic gene expression can be regulated
at any stage.

• Differential Gene Expression
• Regulation of Chromatin Structure
• Histone modification
• DNA Methylation
• Regulation of Transcription Initiation

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Stages of gene expression that can be regulated
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Eukaryotic Gene Organization
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Enhancers and Activators
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Mechanisms of Post Transcriptional Control

• RNA processing
• mRNA degradation
• Initiation of Translation
• Protein processing and Degradation

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18.4 A program of differential gene expression
leads to the different cell types in a
multicellular organism

• Cell Differentiation
• Morphogenesis
• Cytoplasmic determinants and Inductive signals
• Determination and Differentiation
• Pattern formation

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Determination and Differentiation of Muscle Cells
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Life cycle of drosophilia
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From egg to larvae
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18.5 Cancer results from genetic changes that
affect cell cycle control

• Oncogenes and proto oncogenes
• Tumor suppressor genes

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Proto-oncogenes can become oncogenes
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Cell cycle stimulating pathway
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Cell cycle inhibiting pathway
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Effects of Mutations
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Multistep path to cancer