Aquaculture

1
The Drought Crisis and Impact in Agriculture
2
1992
3
2003
4
1992
2003
5
Zones for SAGAR productivity data (called CADERs)
DDR 148 DR-018 DR-041
6
Agricultural Year 2003-2004
7
AREA UNDER IRRIGATION DURING THE AGRICULTURAL
YEAR 2003-2004
IRRIGATION DISTRICT IRRIGTED AREA (has) WITH RESERVOIR (has) WITH WELLS URDERALES (has)
018, Colonias Yaquis 18,000 18,000 -
250 MCM
8
AREA WHITH IRRIGATION DURING THE AGRICULTURAL
YEAR 2003-2004
IRRIGATION DISTRICT IRRIGTED AREA (has) IRRIGATED AREA (has) AREA WITHOUT IRRIGATION (has)
041, Río yaqui 206,000 47,000 159,000
77
23
9
AVAILABLE VOLUME OF WATER AT OCTOBER 1ST, 2003
IRRIGATION DISTRICT 041 SURFACE WATER (MCM) GROUNDWATER (MCM) TOTAL (MCM)
TOTAL 0.00 400.00 400.00
10
Water

• The criteria to decide who will receive water
  from the public well is based on distance from
  the well, in order to minimize conduction losses.

11
Water

• This years water allocation on average is 8.5
  mm3
• Will vary depending on crops
• mm3 millares de metros cubicos thousand
  cubic meters

12
Water

• During 1999, 2000 and 2001 the price of water
  remained stable at 50 pesos / MM3
• On 2002-2003 the price of water increased to 65
  pesos / MM3.
• On 2003-2004 the price of water increased to 130
  pesos/ MM3

13
Main Yaqui Valley Crops
14
CROP PATTERN FOR THE AGRICULTURAL YEAR 2003-2004.
CROP AREA (HECTARES)
Corn 15,000
Wheat
Oilseeds 14,000
Vegetables 11,000
Beans
Potatoes
Garbanzo
Grass
Alfalfa 4,500
Fruits 2,500
TOTAL 47,000
15
UCAYFarmers Union

• 30,000 hectares in 2002-2003
• 5,000 hectares in 2003-2004
• 16.6
• They have 31 wells for 3,100 hectares the
  difference in water requirements they intend to
  purchase from the SRL.

16
UCAY

• CROPS
• Maize
• Cotton
• Wheat
• Safflower

17
AOASS

• Program for rain fed agriculture
• If there are good winter rains
• Government to provide seed and fertilizer for
  Safflower and Canola

18
ECONOMIC SECTORS AFFECTED BY DROUGHT.
SECTOR EFFECT ECONOMIC IMPACT
AGRICULTURAL NO IRRIGATION IN MORE THAN 160,000 HECTARES. 168 MILLION DOLLARS (SOURCE TASK FORCE OF DROUGHT MANAGEMENT IN THE YAQUI BASIN)
ENERGY (C.F.E) NO GENERATION OF 275,000 MW, WITH HYDROELECTRIC PLANT. 12 MILLION DOLLARS. (SOURCE C.F.E)
INDUSTRIAL MEXICANA DEL COBRE MINER. 48,000 DOLLARS/HOUR (SOURCE MINERA MEXICANA DEL COBRE)
19
Organization that Depend on Farmers Planting Fees

• PIEAES (Patronato para la Investigacion y
  Experimentacion Agricola del Estado de Sonora).
• SRL (Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada).
• JLSV (Junta Local de Sanidad Vegetal)
• Modulos de Riego
• Fondos de Aseguramiento

20
Other Organizations Affected by the Drought

• Livestock sector will have to bring grain from
  overseas or other regions of Mexico.
• ProAOASS marketing arm of the farmers association
  has contracts in Guaymas and Hermosillo to be
  able to keep its markets in Algeria, Peru and
  Venezuela, 300 thousand tons. 450 thousand for
  national market.

21
Short Term Actions

• Support crops with low water requirement
• Special support for environmental conservation.
• Better access to credit.
• Crop price supports
• Program for Order and Control (unique planting
  and irrigation permits).
• Technical assistance for irrigation and
  agriculture
• Training and extension

22
Short Term Actions

• Develop estimates of water availability
• Development of a cropping and irrigation plan.
• Compaction of agricultural land.
• Reduction in the use of water for nonessential
  uses
• Media campaign for water saving in the
  agriculture, urban and industrial sectors.
• Temporal employment in the Valley.

23
Long Term Actions

• Support research that can help reduce the drought
  problems.
• Strategies for changing crop patterns.
• Support greenhouses.
• Programs for water conservation.
• Programs for forest management
• Model for planning and managing surface water
• Model for planning and managing aquifer water

24
Long Term Actions

• Determine the demand for water in the
  agricultural, urban and industrial sectors for
  the next 20 years.
• Determine drought indexes for each hydrologic
  watershed.
• Regulations for the operation of the reservoir
  system and for the aquifer.

25
Agricultural Year 2002-2003
26
Summer Crops

• 2003 summer only 12,684 has including perennials.
  Only 42 annual crops.

27
Wheat

• Diseases problems, leaf rust
• Y2002-2003 About 146,799 has, or 82 of the area
  sprayed with fungicide in Yaqui.
• Folicur 620 pesos/1.0L
• 310 pesos/ application
• 210 airplane application 520 pesos/ha.
• 76,335,480 pesos spent on rust applications.
• Jupare, rust resistant durum available for
  2003-2004.

28
Wheat

• Insect problems, aphids
• In 2001-2002, 120 of the wheat area applied.
• In 2003-2003, 224,425 of the 179,161 has or 126
  area under wheat in Yaqui was sprayed with
  insecticides.
• Aflix (dimetoato) 75 pesos 210 pesos for
  airplane application 285 pesos/ha.
• 63,961,125 pesos spent on fungicide applications

29
Triticale

• A program for 5,000 had to be postponed because
  of the drought.
• Pork producers will sing a contract with farmers
  before planting.
• When purchasing wheat they have to compete with
  human consumption industry, national and for
  export.

30
Aquaculture

• 13,000 hectares in Sonora under aquaculture
  farms.
• The goal is to double the area and triple the
  production. Mainly in the Hermosillo area.
• Aquaculture could become the second or third most
  important economic activity in Sonora.