Time for Prayer

1
Time for Prayer

• Attendance

2
Macromolecules

• There are 4 types of macromolecules.
• They are
• carbohydrates
• lipids
• proteins
• nucleic acids

3
Carbohydrates

• Contain mostly carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
• Primary fuel for running all cellular machinery.
• Form most of the structure of cells for all life.

4
Monosaccharide

• Monosaccharides or simple sugars are the simplest
  carbohydrate.
• Two common monosaccharides
• are glucose and fructose.
• -ose tells us that a substance is a carbohydrate.

5
Common Monosaccharides

• Have between 3 to 6 Carbon atoms.
• Glucose is found in sap and fruit of many plants.
  
• Fructose is found in fruits, vegetables and
  honey.

6
Energy

• Carbohydrates provide energy.
• They have many carbon-hydrogen (CH) bonds.
• As they break, more stable bonds between carbon
  and oxygen
• form, releasing a lot of
• energy that an
• organism can use.

7
Comprehension Check 7

• In groups of 2 or 3, answer these questions
• 1. What are the 4 types of macromolecules?
• 2. Why do we need carbohydrates?
• 3. What elements do carbohydrates have?
• 4. What is a monosaccharide?
• 5. What are the two most common kinds of
  monosaccharides?
• 6. Where is glucose found?
• 7. Where is fructose found?
• You have 20 minutes to answer these questions.

8
Glucose provides energy for the bodys cells.

• 3 Paths
• Fuel for cellular activity.
• Stored temporarily as glycogen.
• Converted/changed to fat.

9
Glucose is fuel for cellular activity.

• Glucose enters a cell.
• It goes through many chemical reactions.
• Energy is released.
• This energy fuels cellular activity.
• Examples
• Muscle contractions that help you to move.
• Nerve activities that help you to think.

10
Glucose is stored temporarily as glycogen. (FOR A
SHORT TIME)

• When there is too much glucose in the blood than
  is necessary to meet the bodys energy
• 1. It is stored in your bodys muscles and liver.
  
• 2. The stored glucose molecules are linked
  together to form glycogen.
• 3. When energy is needed later, the glycogen is
  broken down to release glucose back into the
  blood.

11
Glucose is converted to FAT

• Glucose in the blood can be converted into fat.
• This is done to store glucose for a LONG TIME.

12
Carbo-loading

• Athletes double or triple amount of glycogen
  stored in muscles and liver.
• This allows athletes to increase the store of
  fuel needed for energy and delay being tired
  during an endurance event.
• 6 or 7 days before competition
• Eat very little carbohydrates. Exercise a lot!
• 2 days before competition
• Eat a lot of carbohydrates. Dont exercise a lot.
  Now, excess glucose is stored as glycogen.

13
Many complex carbohydrates are time-released
packets of energy.

• When two simple sugars are bonded together, they
  form a disaccharide.
• Ex. Sucrose (table sugar)
• This is fructose glucose
• When many simple sugars join together, they form
  a polysaccharide or a complex carbohydrate.
• Ex Cellulose found in plant cell walls.

14
Starch

• Consists of a hundred or more glucose molecules
  joined together.
• It is a polysaccharide or complex carbohydrate.
• Found in plants.
• Primary source of energy in plants.

15
Where do we find starch?

• barley
• wheat
• rye
• corn-70 starch
• rice-70 starch

16
Oatmeal versus Fruit

• If I want to study for a long time, what is
  better
• eat oatmeal or fruit?

17
Answer

• Oatmeal
• Why?
• Because oatmeal is made of complex carbohydrates
  and fruit is made of simple sugars. The fruit
  will give you some energy for a short time but
  the oatmeal will give you energy for a longer
  time period.

18
Not all carbohydrates are digestible.

• We cannot digest these carbohydrates
• 1. Chitin
• 2. Cellulose

19
The cellulose we need is fiber

• The cellulose we need is fiber. Fiber comes from
  celery or lettuce leaves.
• Fiber helps remove harmful products of digestion
  through our intestine. And allows quick passage
  of food through the intestine.
• Fiber lowers the risk of colon cancer and other
  diseases.

20
Comprehension Questions 8

• In groups of 2 or 3, do these questions. You have
  30 minutes.
• How does glucose provide energy for the bodys
  cells?
• What are 2 examples of glucose fueling cellular
  activity?
• Where is glucose stored for a short time and how
  is it stored?
• How is glucose stored for a long time?
• What is carbo loading?
• What is a disaccharide?
• What is a polysaccharide?
• What is starch?
• Where do we find starch?
• What should we eat when we study oatmeal or
  fruit?
• What cellulose do we need? Why?