The Origin of Humans

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The Origin of Humans
Do Now Please read questions, then read and
answer Study Reinforces out of Africa theory
on human evolution. Be sure to Highlight,
underline, write questions and comments.
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The First Humans
Theories on prehistory and early man constantly
change as new evidence comes to light.
- Louis Leakey, British
paleoanthropologist
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Early Discoveries
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Stages of Early Human Development
1. 4,000,000 BCE 1,000,000 BCE
Paleolithic Age( Old Stone Age ) 2,500,000 BCE
to 8,000 BCE
2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE
3. 250,000 BCE 30,000 BCE
4. 30,000 BCE -- 10,000 BCE
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The Paleolithic Age

• Paleolithic --gt Old Stone Age

• 2,500,000 BCE 10,000 BCE

• Made tools

• hunting (men) gathering (women) ?
  small bands of 20-30 humans

• NOMADIC (moving from place to place)

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Stage 1
4,000,000 BCE 1,000,000 BCE

• Hominids --gt any member of the family of
  two-legged primates that includes all humans.

• Australopithecines- AKA Lucy
• One of the earliest found hominid remains

• An Apposable Thumb

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Stage 1

• HOMO HABILIS ( Man of Skills or
  handy-man)

• found in East Africa.

• created stone tools.

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The Paleolithic Age

• Humans during this period found shelter in caves.

• Cave paintings left behind.

Purpose??
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Stage 2
1,6000,000 BCE 30,000 BCE

• HOMO ERECTUS ( Upright Human Being )

• BIPEDALISM

• Larger and more varied tools --gt primitive
  technology

• First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for
  Europe and Asia.

• First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE )

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Differing Human Migration Theories
Do now please take out PERSIAN chart on
paleolithic and take mc
Are we all Africans under the skin????
Out of Africa- 1st homo sapiens emigrated out of
Africa
Multi-regional-homo erectus left Africa
but Evolved in Europe ,Asia and Africa
Differently
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Stage 3
200,000 BCE 10,000 BCE
HOMO SAPIENS ( Wise Human Being )
Neanderthals( 200,000 BCE 30,000 BCE )
Cro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE 10,000 BCE )
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Stage 3
NEANDERTHALS

• Neander Valley, Germany (1856)

• First humans to bury their dead.

• Made clothes from animal skins.

• Lived in caves and tents.

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Stage 3
NEANDERTHALS
Early Hut/Tent
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Stage 3
CRO-MAGNONs

• Homo sapiens sapiens ( Wise, wise human )

• By 30,000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals.

WHY???
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Homo sapiens sapiens in Europe
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The Last Ice Age
70,000 BCE 10,000 BCE
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Characteristics of Paleolithic Period

• The people were hunters and gatherers
• They lived in small groups of about 20-30 people
• Sexual division of labor(women gathered/men
  hunted)
• Nomadic people who followed game and ripening
  fruit
• Developed simple tools from stone, bone or wood
• Invented clothing
• Cave paintings and religious rituals

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COT Paleolithic

• From 2.5 M.YA- 10,000 B.C.E early human
  evelopments included the development of tools
  from stone and bone, the intoduction of fire for
  cooking, heat and light, however, mankind
  maintained its diet primarily based on what could
  be hunted or gathered

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Comparative thesis

• Similar formula to the COT
• Dates, place, topic
• From 2.5 MYA-10,000 B.C.E in (place) and (other
  place) _______________ (sim/dif) and
  ____________(sim/dif) however_____________
  (dif/sim)

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Ch 1 Strayers Ways of the World

• From 12,000 B.C.E-4,000 B.CE in both the San in
  South Africa and the Chamash in Southern
  California both relied on hunting and gathering
  for sustainance, both utlized stone tools.
  However, the Chumash had a richer environment
  leading to greater advancements while the San
  eeked out a meager existence

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San and Chumash
Similarities Difference
Both paleolithic sociteies Both hunter gatherers Both division of labor by gender No written language nomadic Chumash developed canoes ( tomol) Chumash richer environment Chumashmore class distinctions while San had more equality between the sexes Living conditions more elaborate in Chumash San more vulnerable to nature less stability in food sources Chumash more permanent dwellings
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The Neolithic Age

• Neolithic ? New Stone Age

• 10,000 BCE 4,000 BCE

• Gradual shift from

Nomadic lifestyle ? settled, stationery lifestyle.
Hunting/Gathering ? agricultural production and
domestication of animals.
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The Agricultural Revolution

• 8,000 BCE 5,000 BCE

• Agriculture developed independently in
  different parts of the world.

• SLASH-AND-BURN Farming

Middle East India Central America
China Southeast Asia 8,000 BCE 7,000
BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE
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The Agricultural Revolution
?
?
Development of Agriculture
?
?
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The Agricultural Revolution
Why do you think the development of agriculture
occurred around the same time in several
different places?
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The Agricultural Revolution
Why do some archaeologists believe that women
were the first farmers?
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Early Settled Communities

• Growing crops on a regular basis made possible
  the support of larger populations.

• More permanent, settled communities emerged.

• 9,000 BCE ? Earliest Agricultural Settlement at
  JARMO ( northern Iraq ) ? wheat

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Early Settled Communities

• 8,000 BCE ? Largest Early Settlement at Çatal
  Hüyük ( Modern Turkey ) ? 6,000 inhabitants

• 12 cultivated crops

• Division of labor

• Engaged in trade

• Organized religion

An obsidian dagger

• Small military

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Early Settled Communities
Çatal Hüyük
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The Agricultural Revolution
What role did the food supply play in shaping the
nomadic life of hunter-gatherers and the settled
life of the farmers?
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Why is the "Neolithic Revolution" a turning
point in human history??
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What is the next step in the development
of human settlements??
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CITIES !
CIVILIZATIONS !!
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What are the characteristics of a civilization??
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Advanced Cities
Advanced Technology
CIVILIZATION
Specialized Workers
Record- Keeping
Complex Institutions