Slavery Gave

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New Horizon College English
Unit 8 Section A
Slavery Gave Me Nothing to Lose
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Pre-reading Activities
Text Analysis
Main idea and Structure
Expressions Patterns
Summary
How to apply to our real life the typical
expressions and patterns taken from the text
Blank filling
Exercises
Writing
All the exercises for Section A
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• New Words
• prop
• Phrases and
• Expressions
• up to
• peer at
• in passing
• break off
• in that

• give of (ones money,
• time etc.)
• disapprove of
• belong to
• at ones elbow
• pay a/the price for sth.
• in the main
• prop up
• in company with
• more or less

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• Proper Names
• Eatonville
• Orlando
• Zora Neale Hurston
• Jacksonville
• the Civil War
• the Great Stuffer of Bags

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Slavery Gave Me Nothing to Lose Para. 1a I
remember the very day that I became black. Up to
my thirteenth year I lived in the little Negro
town of Eatonville, Florida. It is exclusively a
black town. The only white people I knew passed
through the town going to or coming from Orlando,
Florida. The native whites rode dusty horses, and
the northern tourists traveled down the sandy
village road in automobiles.
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Para. 1b The town knew the Southerners
and never stopped chewing sugar cane when they
passed. But the Northerners were something else
again. They were peered at cautiously from behind
curtains by the timid. The bold would come
outside to watch them go past and got just as
much pleasure out of the tourists as the tourists
got out of the village.
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Para. 2a The front deck might seem a
frightening place for the rest of the town, but
it was a front row seat for me. My favorite place
was on top of the gatepost. Not only did I enjoy
the show, but I didnt mind the actors knowing
that I liked it. I usually spoke to them in
passing. Id wave at them and when they returned
my wave, I would say a few words of greeting.
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Para. 2b Usually the automobile or the
horse paused at this, and after a strange
exchange of greetings, I would probably go a
piece of the way with them, as we say in
farthest Florida, and follow them down the road a
bit. If one of my family happened to come to the
front of the house in time to see me, of course
the conversation would be rudely broken off.
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Para. 3  During this period, white people
differed from black to me only in that they rode
through town and never lived there. They liked to
hear me speak pieces and sing and wanted to see
me dance, and gave me generously of their small
silver for doing these things, which seemed
strange to me for I wanted to do them so much
that I needed bribing to stop. Only they didnt
know it. The colored people gave no coins. They
disapproved of any joyful tendencies in me, but I
was their Zora nevertheless. I belonged to them,
to the nearby hotels, to the country
everybodys Zora.
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Para. 4 But changes came to the family
when I was thirteen, and I was sent to school in
Jacksonville. I left Eatonville as Zora. When I
got off the riverboat at Jacksonville, she was no
more. It seemed that I had suffered a huge
change. I was not Zora of Eatonville any more I
was now a little black girl. I found it out in
certain ways. In my heart as well as in the
mirror, I became a permanent brownlike the best
shoe polish, guaranteed not to rub nor run.
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Para. 5a Someone is always at my elbow
reminding me that I am the granddaughter of
slaves. It fails to register depression with me.
Slavery is something sixty years in the past. The
operation was successful and the patient is doing
well, thank you. The terrible war that made me an
American instead of a slave said On the line!
The period following the Civil War said Get
set! and the generation before me said Go!
Like a foot race, I am off to a flying start and
I must not halt in the middle to look behind and
weep.
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Para. 5b   Slavery is the price I paid for
civilization, and the choice was not with me. No
one on earth ever had a greater chance for glory.
The world to be won and nothing to be lost. It is
thrilling to think, to know, that for any act of
mine, I shall get twice as much praise or twice
as much blame. It is quite exciting to hold the
center of the national stage, with the audience
not knowing whether to laugh or to weep.
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Para. 6   I do not always feel colored.
Even now I often achieve the unconscious Zora of
that small village, Eatonville. For instance, I
can sit in a restaurant with a white person. We
enter chatting about any little things that we
have in common and the white man would sit calmly
in his seat, listening to me with interest.
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Para. 7a At certain times I have no race, I
am me. But in the main, I feel like a brown bag
of mixed items propped up against a wall. Against
a wall in company with other bags, white, red and
yellow. Pour out the contents, and there is
discovered a pile of small things both valuable
and worthless. Bits of broken glass, lengths of
string, a key to a door long since decayed away,
a rusty knife-blade, old shoes saved for a road
that never was and never will be, a nail bent
under the weight of things too heavy for any
nail, a dried flower or two still with a little
smell.
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Para. 7b In your hand is the brown bag. On
the ground before you is the pile it heldso much
like the piles in the other bags, could they be
emptied, that all might be combined and mixed in
a single heap and the bags refilled without
altering the content of any greatly. A bit of
colored glass more or less would not matter.
Perhaps that is how the Great Stuffer of Bags
filled them in the first placewho knows?  
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When I was young living in the Negro town of
Eatonville, I enjoyed watching and contacting the
white people. To me, the difference between black
and white was that the white rode through town
and never lived there. When I moved to a school
in Jacksonville, I was taken as a black girl. It
didnt depress me, though. Rather, I regarded as
an advantage the history that my forefathers had
been slaves. In my view, people of different
colors are just the differently colored bags with
almost the same contents in them.
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The passage is divided into three parts. In the
first part, the author makes it clear that Zora,
as a little black girl, didnt feel any
difference from the white. The second part serves
as a transitional part, relating that Zora was
made to realize that she was a black girl. The
third part comes to the argument that the
knowledge of being a black girl didnt depress
Zora, and she was not always conscious of her
color.
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Part 1 (Paras. 1-3)
I didnt feel the difference between the black
and the white when I was a little girl.
Part 2 (Para. 4)
A transitional paragraph. I was made to realize
that I was a little black girl .
Part 3 (Paras. 5-7)
My family background of having slave forefathers
and my color didnt give me the feeling of being
inferior to the white.
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Main idea?
When I was a little girl, I enjoyed making some
contacts with the white, and didnt see any
difference between black and white except that
the white rode through town and never lived
there.
Devices for developing it?
Specific-general (???)
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A general statement Though I was a black,
I did not feel any difference between the black
and the white. The only difference I felt
about the white was that _________________________
_____ _________. They liked ___________________
____________________________, and then they gave
me a bit of money.

• My impressions of the white as a child
• The white people were just tourists passing
  through my little town _____________ ___________.
  
• We just ____________ and got just as much
  pleasure out of them ___________________ _______.
• Details about how I responded to the white as a
• child
• I enjoyed _____________________________ and
• saying a few words of ______________. Sometimes
• I would follow them down the road a bit.

Specificgeneral technique is employed in the
whole part from Para. 1 to Para. 3. This makes a
good development of text the author presents her
personal experience with the white first, and
then comes to a natural conclusion that white
people differed from black only in that they rode
through town and never lived there.
on horses or
in automobiles
watched them
as they got
out of the village
they rode through town and never
lived there
to hear
me speak and sing and wanted to see me dance
watching and waving at the white
greeting to them
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Main idea?
It was when I was thirteen that I found out in my
heart as well as in the mirror that I was a
little black girl.
Devices for developing it?
Cause and effect (???)
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Cause But changes came to the family when I was
thirteen, and I was sent to school in
Jacksonville. I left Eatonville as Zora. When I
got off the riverboat at Jacksonville, she was no
more. Effect It seemed that I
__________________ ______. I was not Zora of
Eatonville any more I ______________________. I
found it out in certain ways. ____________________
_____ ______, I became a permanent brownlike the
best shoe polish, ___________ not to rub nor run.
This part adopts the writing technique of cause
and effect, which works very well to inform
readers of how I felt the changes in myself.
had
suffered a huge change
was now a little black girl
In my heart as well as in
the mirror
guaranteed
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Main idea?
Now as an adult, I dont think that being the
granddaughter of slaves has negative effect on
me. I dont always feel colored, and in the main
I believe different races are just bags of
different colors which are filled with almost the
same contents.
Devices for developing it?
General-specific (???)
Description (???)
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• General statement
• It fails to register depression with me.
• Specific reasons
• Slavery is something sixty years in the past.
• No one on earth ever had a greater chance for
  glory. The world to be won and nothing to be
  lost.
• It is thrilling to think, to know, that for any
  act of mine, I shall get twice as much praise or
  twice as much blame. It is quite exciting to hold
  the center of the national stage

This part can be further put into two
subdivisions. Para. 5 is the first one, dealing
with my family root of slaves. Para. 6 and 7 form
the second one, concerning my race as black. In
Para. 5, the writing technique,
general-specific, is employed.
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The author compares herself, or all the
black, to a brown bag of mixed items. (L. 50)
People of other colors are compared to white,
red and yellow bags. (L. 51) The racial
differences are compared to the contents of bags
with different colors, piles of small things both
valuable and worthless. (L. 52-55) The
sameness of races is compared to bags refilled
with items from a single heap without altering
the contents of any greatly. (L. 56-59)
In paragraph 7, for the purpose of furthering the
problem of race, the author makes a vivid
description of her insight into race, with the
rhetoric device of simile running through.
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B. Patterns for you to use as models
A. Expressions

1. to be sth. else again
2. to peer at
3. to get pleasure out of sth.
4. to be a front row seat for sb.
5. in passing
6. in time to do sth.
7. to give sb. generously of sth.
   gtmore

• Typical patterns for describing the coincidence
• Typical patterns for furnishing reasons
• Typical patterns for revealing the flow of ones
  thinking
• gtmore

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1. the price one pays for...
2. to hold the center of the national stage
3. in the main
4. to prop up
5. in company with
6. to be bent under the weight of sth. on

• to suffer a huge change
• at ones elbow
• to register depression with sb.
• on the line
• to be off to a flying start

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1. ??????

• to be something else again /another thing (L. 6)

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While lip-service is something/one thing, solid
work is quite something else again/another thing.
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2. ?????

• to peer at/into/through (L. 6)

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The driver was peering into the distance through
the mist, trying to read the road sign.
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3. ??????

• to get pleasure out of sth. (L. 8)

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To those who enjoy risks, the greatest pleasure
is obtained out of such adventures as rock
climbing, bungee jumping and skydiving.
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4. ?????????????

• to be a front row seat for sb. (L. 9)

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The probe at work on the Mars is a front row seat
for scientists who can make clear inspection into
the planet where life-sustaining water may exist
or have existed.
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5. ?????

• in passing (L. 11)

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Although he does not make a living by stealing,
he often takes something in passing.
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6. ???????

• (just) in time to do sth. (L. 16)

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???????????,????????????????,??????????
At the end of many Hollywood blockbusters, a
solution to a fatal disaster is always worked out
just in time to save mankind from termination.
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7. ?????????

• to give sb. generously of sth. (L. 23)

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Those giving other people of their patience and
tolerance can win love and care as well as
friendship of others.
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8. ????????/??/??

• to suffer a huge change/loss/pain (L. 33)

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Those who have suffered huge changes in life have
a deeper insight into the art of living.
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9. ?(??)??/??

• to be at ones elbow (L. 35)

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A bosom friend is not always at your elbow, but
his care and love for you are.
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10. ?????/??/??

• to register depression/surprise/excitement with
  sb. (L. 36)

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????????,??????,?????
One should learn to keep his emotion under such
control that external gains cant register thrill
with him and personal losses cant register
sorrow with him, either.
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11. ???? ?? ?? ?????

• on the line (L. 38)

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??????,?????????????????
Driven by their greed for money, some officials
often put their political careers on the line.
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12. ????/????(??)???

• to be off to a flying start/to get off to a good
  (bad) start (L. 39)

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Anything is half done that gets off to a good
start.
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13. ??????

• the price one pays for (L. 40)

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Environmental deterioration is the price man has
paid for his eagerness for instant success and
quick profits in conquering nature.
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14. ?????????

• to hold the center of the national stage (L. 44)

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Peking Opera no longer holds the center of the
national stage as it once did.
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15. ??????

• in the main/on the whole/in general (L. 50)

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It is in the main true that mans nature at birth
is good. But the differences in education, living
environment and personal experiences make the
distinction between good people and evil people.
?????,???,???????????,??????????????????????????
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16. ?? ?? ??

• to prop up (L. 51)

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The friendship propped up with material benefits
finds no way to last.
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17. ???

• in company with (L. 51)

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???????,????????????????????
By seeing through the appearance to perceive the
essence, we can find that corruption always
exists in company with power under inadequate
control.
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18. ??????

• to be bent under the weight/pressure of...
• (L. 55)

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The big tree is bent under the weight of the
heavy snow last night.
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III. Expressions Patterns
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1. Typical patterns for describing the
coincidence
?? If one of my family happened to come to the
front of the house in time to see me, of course
the conversation would be rudely broken off. (L.
15)
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III. Expressions Patterns
????
If sb./sth. happens to in time to, sb./ sth.
(else) will/would????/??????,(?)??/?
??
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III. Expressions Patterns
??a. ??????????????????,????????????
If she happens to come home to see her son
chatting online, we have no idea about what
response she would make to it.
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III. Expressions Patterns
??b. ??????????????????,???????, ?????????
If you happen to go window-shopping in time to
see a thief committing a crime, would you catch
him red-handed or turn a blind eye to it?
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III. Expressions Patterns
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2. Typical patterns for furnishing reasons
?? During this period, white people differed
from black to me only in that they rode through
town and never lived there. (L. 19)
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III. Expressions Patterns
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Sb./Sth. does/is(only) in that/for the reason
that ???/?, ? (??) ????
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III. Expressions Patterns
??a. ????????,?????????????????????????,?????????
???????????
When handling sticky problems, the reasonable
differ from the unreasonable only in that the
former have one ounce more of control, which is
what really counts.
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III. Expressions Patterns
??b. ??????????????,????????????????????63????
The female nurse commands deep admiration among
the people in that she saved 63 children from
under an attackers sharp axe at the cost of her
own life.
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III. Expressions Patterns
3. Typical patterns for revealing the flow of
ones thinking
?? At certain times I have no race, I am me. But
in the main, I feel like a brown bag of mixed
items propped up against a wall. (L. 50)
???????????,??????????????????????????????????????
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III. Expressions Patterns
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At certain times/In ones heart, one aspires/
desires/longs to do sth./be sth.. But in the
main/in ones head, one feels like/feels a need
to???/????,???????/??,??????/????,
???????/?????
???
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III. Expressions Patterns
??a. ???,?????????,??????????????????????,???????
??????????
At certain times, I also aspire to live with
abandon, enjoying to the fullest every pleasure
modern life brings about. But in the main, I feel
like a person who controls his passions and has
few desires.
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III. Expressions Patterns
??b. ??????,?????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????
In my heart, I desire to be like lilies, living a
care-free life. But in my head, I feel a need to
bear my responsibility for my family, my society
and my nation, which is what all my concern is
with.
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entirely
Zoras hometown had an/a _______ Negro
population and non-blacks were only ever seen
passing _______ by the natives. The inhabitants
_______ the Southerners ride through while
continuing to casually _____ their sugar cane.
Northerners, however, drove automobiles and
________ different to Negro eyes. Most of the
native blacks peered out of the window __ them
_____ only the bravest ____ courageous enough to
stand outside and watch the strange tourists go
____.
through
watched
chew
appeared
at
while
were
past
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unusual
An _______ girl named Zora enjoyed talking with
the Northerners ____, when she ______ at them,
often stopped. She would happily chat ____ the
strangers, while _____________ them part of the
way _____ the road, ______ a family member
appeared out of the house __ which point the chat
would be abruptly discontinued. __ her at that
time white people and black people were ____
unalike to the ______ that whites did not live in
her town.
who
waved
with
accompanying
down
unless
at
To
only
extent
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V. Exercises
Comprehension
Vocabulary
Collocation
Word Building
Structure
Translation
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???? IV Ex. II, p. 204
II. Answer the following questions.
1. What did the timid people do when the Northern
travelers went through the town?
They hid behind their curtains and looked through
them at the travelers cautiously.
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2. What does the word show in Paragraph 2 mean?
Who were the actors?
The small town was a stage where actors were the
different travelers who passed by and revealed
themselves to the audiencevillagers in different
aspects. In a childs eye, it was a play,
bringing to her a lot of pleasure.
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3. Why does the author say there was a strange
exchange of greetings?
Probably there were different ways of greetings
between them, so there might be some
misunderstandings or some inappropriate
responses.
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4. Why did the author feel it strange to be given
money when she was singing and dancing?
She wanted to sing and dance so much that she
thought the money should have been given as a
discouragement rather than an encouragement.
???
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5. When was the author aware of the fact that she
was black?
After she was thirteen and left her hometown of
Eatonville, and then she experienced a huge
change. She was aware that she was black.
6. What does the author mean by saying that it
fails to register depression with me?
It expresses the authors attitude or her state
of mind that she was not emotionally disturbed by
the fact that she was a descendent of slaves. She
felt good about herself.
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7. What does the author compare herself to?
The author felt like a brown bag of mixed items
propped up against a wall.
8. What is the authors point in describing in
detail the contents of the bag?
As is described, the contents revealed are
nothing but common objects. It suggests that for
ordinary people, no matter whether they are white
or black, they share something in common.
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???? IV Ex. III, p. 204
III. Complete the following sentences with the
help of the first letters. Fill in each blank
with one word only.
1. The spy looked cau______ around and then
walked away from the cinema and disappeared into
the dark.
cautiously
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2. The man was sentenced to 10 years in prison
after he was accused of bri_____ a senior bank
official. 3. The black girls family strongly
disa______ of her behaving joyfully in public,
especially before strangers. 4. So, in the
evening when the body temperature is beginning to
fall, there is a natural ten_____ to fall asleep
and in the morning, when body temperature begins
to rise rapidly, we are most likely to wake up.
bribing
disapprove
disapproves
disapproved
tendency
???
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5. When he saw what had happened to the black
girl, his face reg______ extreme disapproval and
dissatisfaction. 6. There was a feeling of
disappointment and dep_______ in the office when
the news of the job cuts was announced. 7. He was
sitting pr______ up against the end of the bed
with his back to the wall, still fully dressed.
registered
depression
propped
???
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Back
8. Although it emphasizes that the opportunities
are not gua_______ to find success,
market-orientated businesses should find them
worth considering.
guaranteed
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???? IV Ex. IV, p. 205
IV. Replace the underlined words or expressions
in the following sentences with words or
expressions from the text that best keep the
original meaning.
1. Howard sat looking at the busy traffic in the
street through his glasses.
peering at
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2. The performance had to be stopped when the
actor fell off the stage and had his left leg
broken.
be broken off
3. These people who were opposed to cigarette
advertising were more likely to give up than
those who approved of it.
disapproved of
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4. Bribing politicians and supporting rotten
governments has not enhanced Americas reputation
amongst the worlds poorer people and nations.
propping up
5. In general, the increasingly exaggerated
claims of some beauty products by the
advertisements are vacant promises.
In the main
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6. The timid people peered at the Northerners
from behind curtains because they felt shy when
they were with strangers.
in company with
7. During that time, white people were different
from black people to me because they seemed to
speak a strange language.
in that
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8. People around her repeatedly reminded her that
there was a real change in her appearance.
at her elbow
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???? IV Ex. V, p. 205
V. Look at the following sentence taken from your
reading passage. Just think about what other
verbs you can use together with the word change
and fill in the sentences with the right word.
e.g. It seemed that I had suffered a huge change.
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1. The Chinese market has been exp________ some
   rapid changes for the last 10 years, which has
   brought about more chances for foreign investors.

experiencing
2. In a so-called democracy active citizenship
means nothing when we are unable to re____
changes to any government policy imposed on us
without our consent.
resist
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3. It is human nature to ad______ change in
someone elses affairs while vigorously opposing
its necessity in ones own.
advocate
4. This word is a signal to ind_____ a change in
meaning.
indicate
5. It was about this time, however, that friends
began to no____ a change in Jack he was much
more careful in what he said.
notice
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6. Since these plants have been transported to
their present location, they must under__ changes
adapting themselves to the local environment.
undergo
7. While banks wel_____ the change, some critics
fear it could do them more harm than good.
welcome
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8. Experts were divided on the cause, with some
believing the hot, dry weather ca____ a change in
the development of the reproductive system of the
plants.
caused
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???? IV Ex. VI, p. 206
VI. The prefix de- can be added to verbs to form
new verbs. Verbs formed in this way describe an
action which has the opposite effect of or
reverses the process described by the original
verb. For example,
de- value devalue reduce the value of (sth.)
de- regulate deregulate remove the regulations from (sth.)
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The prefix de- combines with nouns to form verbs
which indicate that the thing referred to by the
noun is removed. For example,
de- ice de-ice remove the ice
de- frost defrost remove the frost
Now study the meaning of the following words and
then complete the sentences with some of these
words. Take care that words formed in this way
can be written with a hyphen or as one word.
???
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destabilize devalue decentralize deskill
deregulate decode demilitarize demobilize
depersonalize depersonalize de-emphasize de-emphasize
1. The number of qualified experts who have
emerged recently in the field has ________ his
influence in the market.
devalued
2. The reports said that the gangs of robbers
were largely made up of ___________ soldiers.
demobilized
???
???
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destabilize devalue decentralize deskill
deregulate decode demilitarize demobilize
depersonalize depersonalize de-emphasize de-emphasize
3. Japans financial markets had been
substantially ___________ in the previous three
years, making them more sensitive to changes in
the price of money.
deregulated
4. They ____________ their operations last year
and opened several regional offices in the
country.
decentralized
???
???
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destabilize devalue decentralize deskill
deregulate decode demilitarize demobilize
depersonalize depersonalize de-emphasize de-emphasize
5. It is widely accepted that the conflict has
had the effect of ____________ the whole area.
destabilizing
6. Most of the parents said that they thought
wearing school uniform _____________ their
children.
depersonalized
???
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destabilize devalue decentralize deskill
deregulate decode demilitarize demobilize
depersonalize depersonalize de-emphasize de-emphasize
7. In factories and workshops, advances in
machine technology have ________ numerous
working-class jobs.
deskilled
8. The poem does convey a message, but it has to
be _______ in order to understand its meaning.
decoded
???
???
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???? IV Ex. VII, p. 207
VII. The suffix -ee combines with some verbs
which describe actions to form nouns. Nouns
formed in this way refer to the person to whom
the action is being done. For example,
employ -ee employee a person who is employed by a firm
train -ee trainee a person who is being trained to do a particular job
???
???
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The suffix -ee combines with some verbs to form
nouns which refer to someone who has performed a
particular action. For example,
escape -ee escapee sb. who has escaped from captivity
devote -ee devotee sb. who is very enthusiastic about a subject or an activity
Now study the meaning of the following words and
then complete the sentences with some of these
words.
???
???
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retiree addressee appointee divorcee
escapee examinee trainee devotee
interviewee interviewee employee employee
1. In this country, almost two-thirds of current
_______ rely on the social security system for
more than half of their income.
retirees
2. In our interviews we try to make our
___________ feel as relaxed as possible.
interviewees
???
???
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retiree addressee appointee divorcee
escapee examinee trainee devotee
interviewee interviewee employee employee
3. I still remember my first job as a _______
reporter with that newspaper.
trainee
employees
4. The number of _________ in the company has
increased tenfold over the past decade.
???
???
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retiree addressee appointee divorcee
escapee examinee trainee devotee
interviewee interviewee employee employee
5. They had searched the whole area for three
days and at last captured the two ________.
escapees
6. You dont need to stick any stamps to the
envelope as the postage will be paid by the
_________.
addressee
???
???
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retiree addressee appointee divorcee
escapee examinee trainee devotee
interviewee interviewee employee employee
7. For the music lovers, the serious ________,
Arsenas concert would be a great occasion to
their satisfaction.
devotees
8. Edward VIII, the British King, had to give up
the British throne (??) because he wanted to
marry an American ________.
divorcee
???
???
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???? IV Ex. VIII, p. 207
VIII. The word mind when used in the sense of
object to, dislike, be annoyed by is usually
found in questions and negative sentences and can
be followed by an if-clause or an -ing structure.
Study the model given below and rewrite each of
the following sentences using mind.
???
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Model Not only did I enjoy the show, but I
didnt mind the actors knowing that I like it.
1. I know she isnt really interested in
window-shopping, but she doesnt object to
waiting while I have a look.
I know she isnt really interested in
window-shopping, but she doesnt mind waiting
while I have a look.
???
???
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2. If people dont care my having no degrees, I
could give a few music lessons!
If people dont mind my having no degrees, I
could give a few music lessons!
3. People are not annoyed by paying much more for
good software because they can see the benefits
of using it.
People dont mind paying much more for good
software because they can see the benefits of
using it.
???
???
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4. I am big for my age and I didnt feel annoyed
if he thought I was a young man.
I am big for my age and I didnt mind if he
thought I was a young man.
5. We dont feel annoyed if it takes time for
people to express their hopes and goals and their
fears and needs in their lives.
We dont mind if it takes time for people to
express their hopes and goals and their fears and
needs in their lives.
???
???
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???? IV Ex. IX, p. 208
IX. The word no is a determiner. It can be used
before singular (countable and uncountable) nouns
and plural nouns at the beginning of a sentence,
meaning not a or not any. Study the model given
below and rewrite each of the following sentences
after the model.
Model No one on earth ever had a greater chance
for glory.
???
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1. Not a single friend came to see her she shut
herself off, in the old familiar world of bedroom
and drawing room, and her only amusement, for
weeks on, was the reading of her set texts.
No friends
2. Not any cigarette end could give us any clues
to or signs of anyone having ever been there.
No cigarette end
???
???
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3. Not any gas, not any water and not any
electricity in the hospital! How could you expect
the children to survive this?
No other information
4. Not any other information is given about the
book itself, although there is a brief
biographical (???) note about the author.
???
???
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No effort
5. Not any effort has been made to investigate
the tens of thousands of murders and
disappearances that have occurred over the past
three years.
???
???
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???? IV Ex. X, p. 208
X. Translate the following into English.
1. ????,??????????????
up to yesterday
have no idea
break out
Up to yesterday, we had no idea whether the war
would break out or not.
???
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2. ????????????????????,??????????
at ones elbow
remind me that
fail to register depression with me
Someone is always at my elbow reminding me that I
am a descendent of slaves, but it fails to
register depression with me.
???
???
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Back
3. ???????????,?????????
in passing
mention
I do not want to tell you that story I have just
mentioned that in passing.
???
???
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Back
4. ??????,????????,?????????????
in that
I prefer his plan to yours
I prefer his plan to yours in that I think it is
more practical.
???
???
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Back
5. ?????????????????,??????????
the disapproval registered on her face
think it genuine
The disapproval registered on her face was so
real that even I would have thought it genuine.
???
???
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6. ?????????????,???????????????, ??????
break off the business relations
suffer huge losses
go bankrupt
They broke off the business relations with that
company as it suffered huge losses in the last
financial year and went bankrupt.
???
???
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7. ????????????????,?????
the price that has to be paid for the progress
in the first place
Perhaps this was the price that has to be paid
for the progress in the first place who knows?
???
???
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Back
8. ??????, ????????????????
be emptied and refilled several times
prepare ones luggage
When she was preparing her luggage, the bag was
emptied and refilled several times.
???
???
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???? IV Ex. XI, p. 208
XI. Translate the following into Chinese.
1. The native whites rode dusty horses, and the
Northern tourists traveled down the sandy village
road in automobiles.
??????????????,??????????????????????????
???
???
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2. They were peered at cautiously from behind
curtains by the timid at the town. The bold would
come outside to watch them go past and got just
as much pleasure out of the tourists as the
tourists got out of the village.
??????????????????????,???????????????,?????,?????
?????????????????
???
???
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3. In my heart as well as in the mirror, I became
a permanent brownlike the best shoe polish,
guaranteed not to rub nor run.
?????,??????,?????????????? ????????,?????,?????
?
???
???
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4. They disapproved of any joyful tendencies in
me, but I was their Zora nevertheless. I belonged
to them, to the nearby hotels, to the
countryeveryones Zora.
???????????????,?????????????????,??????,???????,?
?????,??????????
???
???
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5. It seemed that I had suffered a huge change. I
was not Zora of Eatonville any more I was now a
little black girl.
????????????, ?????????????,??????????
???
???
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6. It is quite exciting to hold the center of the
national stage, with the audience not knowing
whether to laugh or to weep.
?????????????,??????????????
???
???
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7. I do not always feel colored. Even now I often
achieve the unconscious Zora of that small
village, Eatonville.
???????????????????????????????????????????
???
???
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8. Perhaps that is how the Great Stuffer of Bags
filled them in the first placewho knows?
??????????????????????????????,?????
???
118
?. Writing
A Letter of Recommendation
?????,?????????????
(???)
119
????(???)
Back
1) He came to my notice in, when he
happened to... 2) With a steady increase in
contacts and exchanges of ideas, he showed a wide
scope of knowledge about as well as a strong
interest in 3) A deeper impression he left upon
me occurred in, when 4) His academic
performance ranked among (?????) 5) Gradually,
both his unique abilities
(???????)
???
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in and our same quest for pushed me to
6) After stepping into the stage of, he came to
demonstrate a greater originality in, a good
indicator of which was 7) To my knowledge, it is
only in the last two years that 8) So I have
every reason to assure you that
(???????)
???
???
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9) As far as the content of his character
is concerned, he clings to the motto that 10) So
his compass for rests not so much with as with
11) And particularly remarkable are and 12) In
short, what is native to him and what he has
attained through his previous efforts, complete
with, have made it an honor for me to recommend
him to you.
(???????)
???
???
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A Letter of Recommendation
?????,?????????
???
???
123
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• 
  Engineering College
• Air Force Engineering University
• Xian,
  Shaanxi 710038
• P. R.
  China 
• To Whom It May Concern
• Dear Sir or Madam
• (It has always been my pleasure to
  recommend close classmates for their further
  studies at higher educational institutions. But
  sometimes the one to be recommended is so
  outstanding that I feel somewhat reluctant to
  write reference letters for him/her, for, you
  know, it is far from pleasant for one to part
  with his favorites. And now Mr. Li Mu is just in
  such a case with me.)

???
???
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1) He came to my notice in 1999, when he
happened to share the same dorm with me. 2) With
a steady increase in contacts and exchanges of
ideas, he showed a wide scope of knowledge about
the development of science as well as a strong
interest in the field of artificial intelligence.
3) A deeper impression he left upon me occurred
in 2001, when the academic reports of our grades
were made public in the campus bulletin. 4) His
academic performance
???
???
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in all the subjects of the four semesters ranked
among the top 1 percent. 5) Gradually, both his
unique abilities in problem-tackling and our same
quest for true knowledge about science pushed me
to attach more of my concern to him. 6)
When stepping into the stage of specialized
courses, he came to demonstrate a greater
originality in application of book knowledge, a
good indicator of which was a
???
???
126
Back
steady flow of his publications. 7) To my
knowledge, it is only in the last two years that
he has published six weighty papers. 8) So I have
every reason to assure you that further study in
your distinguished institution will give fuller
play to his potentials. 9) As far as the
content of his character is concerned, he clings
to the motto that example is more powerful than
precept. 10) So his compass
???
???
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for measuring ones worth to society rests not so
much with what one has said as with what one has
done. 11) And particularly remarkable are his
firm commitment to what he has promised, and his
self-sacrifices for larger interests. 12) In
short, what is native to him and what he has
attained through his previous efforts, complete
with his moral integrity, have made it a big
honor for me to recommend him to you.
???
???
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(Please be free to contact me in the
earliest possible time if there is any need for
further information about Mr. Li.)
Sincerely yours
Wang Wei

THE END
???
129
??
130
??
Para. 1b ??????????,??????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????,???????????
????,?????,??????????????????????
131
??
Para. 2a    ????????????????,?????,???????????
????????????????????????,??????????????,
?????????????????,?????????,?????????
132
??
Para. 2b ??,?????????????,?????????????,??????
?? ????,??????????????,?????????????????????????
??????,???????????????????
133
??
Para. 3  ?????,????,??????????????????,???
??????????? ???,????,?????,????????????????????,
????????? ????,????????,????????????????????????
??????,???????????????,?????????????????,??????,??
?????,??????,??????????
134
??
Para. 4 ??13??,???????,?????????????????
?????????,??????????????,???????????????????????,
?????????????,?????????????????????????????????,??
????,??????????????-- ????????,?????,??????
135
??
Para. 5a ???????????????????,?????????????
?60?????????????????,????????,????????????????????
?????????!????????? ??!?????????!
????????,?????,???????,?????
136
??
Para. 5b ?????????????????,??????????????????
??????????????????????????????,?????????????????,?
?????????,?????????????,??????????????????????????
,??????????????
137
??
Para. 6    ?????????????????????????????????????
????????,???????????????????????????,????????,????
????
138
??
Para. 7a ???????????,???????????????????????
?????????????????????????????,???,???,?????????,??
?????????????? ??????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????,?????????????????????
,?????????
139
??
Para. 7b ???????????,
????????????????--??????????????????????,?????????
?,??????????,?????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????,?????
140
??

• so even though we face the difficulties of today
  and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream
  deeply rooted in the American dream.
• I have a dream that one day this nation will
  rise up and live out the true meaning of its
  creed We hold these truths to be self-evident
  that all men are created equal. I have a dream
  that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons
  of former slaves and the sons of former
  slave-owners will be able to sit down together at
  a table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one
  day even the state of Mississippi, a desert
  state, sweltering with the heat of injustice and
  oppression, will be transformed into an oasis
  (??) of freedom and justice.

• I have a dream that my four children will one day
  live in a nation where they will not be judged by
  the color of their skin but by the content of
  their character. I have a dream today.
• I have a dream that one day down in Alabama,
  whose governors lips are presently dripping with
  the words of interposition(??) and nullification
  (??), will be transformed into a situation where
  little black boys and black girls will be able to
  join hands with little white boys and white girls
  and walk together as sisters and brothers. I have
  a dream today. I have a dream that one day every
  valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain
  shall be made low, the rough places will be

made plain, and the crooked places will be made
straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be
revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.
This is our hope. This is the faith with which I
go back to the South. With this faith we will be
able to hew (??) out of the mountain of despair a
stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to
transform the jangling discords of our nation
into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With
this faith we will be able to work together, to
pray together, to struggle together, to go to
jail together, to stand up for freedom together,
knowing that we will be free one day.

• I am not unmindful that some of you have
  come here out of great trials and tribulations.
  Some of you have come fresh from narrow cells.
  Some of you have come from areas where your quest
  for freedom left you battered by the storms of
  persecution and staggered by the winds of police
  brutality. You have been the veterans of creative
  suffering. Continue to work with the faith that
  unearned suffering is redemptive(??).
• Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama,
  go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go
  back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and
  ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that
  somehow this situation can and will be changed.
  Let us not wallow(???) in the valley of despair.
  I say to you today, my friends,