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Reflections on the 2005 World Food Prize Symposium:

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Title: Slide 1 Author: Dr. Scrimshaw Last modified by: Alicea Murra Created Date: 10/8/2005 3:22:26 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3) – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Reflections on the 2005 World Food Prize Symposium:


1
Reflections on the 2005 World Food Prize
Symposium
  • Nevin S. Scrimshaw, PhD, MD, MPH
  • President, International Nutrition Foundation

2
THE LIFE CYCLE APPROACH TO NUTRITION AND FOOD
NEEDS
  • At the moment of conception nearly everyone has
    the genotype for a long and healthy life.
  • From the this time onward environmental factors
    damage this potential to produce a far different
    phenotype than at conception.
  • Malnutrition and overnutrition are the most
    common and consistent factors responsible, for
    this damage.

3
The Life Cycle Approach Involves Nutrition at All
Ages
  • Pregnant lactating women
  • Infant toddler
  • School child adolescents
  • Adults at all ages
  • Women of child bearing age

4
Pregnancy
  • Folic acid deficiency in early pregnancy
    increases neural tube defects.
  • Iodine deficiency impairs fetal brain
    development
  • Protein-energy deficiency lowers birthweight with
    multiple consequences.
  • Iron deficiency lowers infant iron stores at
    birth.
  • .

5
Infancy
  • When breast milk is no longer sufficient,
    appropriate complementary feeding is essential or
    physical and mental stunting results.
  • Iron deficiency and protein-calorie malnutrition
    are the main risks.

6
Lactation/Infant Feeding
  • Breast feeding provides only half the daily iron
    required in infancy the balance must come from
    the stores at birth
  • These are exhausted by about 6 months, by 4
    months if mother is anemic, by 2 months for low
    birth weight infants.
  • Without supplementation or iron fortified food
    permanent impairment of myelenation of cranial
    nerves and dopamine neurons inevitable when
    stores at birth are exhausted.

7
Toddler/Pre-school Child
  • PEM can permanently reduce physical and mental
    development.
  • Vitamin D deficiency leads to rickets.
  • Iron deficiency anemia causes reduced cognitive
    and motor performance.

8
School child and adolescent
  • PEM affects physical growth and behavior.
  • Iron deficiency impairs school performance.
  • Vitamin D deficiency leads to rickets.
  • Low calcium intakes predispose to adult
    osteoporosis

9
Adult
  • Poor diet and life style lead to the early
    development of
  • Diabetes type II
  • Hypertension
  • Heart disease
  • Increased susceptibility to cancer
  • Less resistance to infection

10
Elderly Adult
  • Partially preventable declines in
  • Physical strength (sarcopenia)
  • Cognitive function and dementia
  • Mobility and independence
  • Partially preventable increases in
  • Malignancies
  • Infections
  • Dependency

11
Still neglectedWomen of Child-bearing Age
  • Women must enter pregnancy with adequate folic
    acid status to avoid fetal neural tube defects
  • Iron supplementation during pregnancy is too
    late!
  • Good weight gain is essential to normal infant
    birth weight.

12
Examples of Destructive Non Nutritional Factors
  • Use of Tobacco
  • Use of Narcotics
  • Alcohol Medication Abuse
  • Trauma
  • Heavy metal poisoning lead, arsenic fluoride
  • Radiation

13
New insights into global hunger
  • Agronomic Characteristics and Nutritional Value
  • Overt Hunger and Hidden Hunger
  • Nutritional Deficiency and Nutritional Excesses
  • The triple burden of Nutritional Disease
  • (Due to Fetal Origins of Adult Disease)

14
Challenges to Agriculturists
  • Plant breeding
  • Improve protein quality
  • Improve beta carotene content
  • Improve availability of non-heme iron
  • Animal husbandry
  • Lower proportion of total fat
  • More healthful fatty acid composition

15
Challenges to the Nutritionists
  • By developing international consensus
  • priorities to avoid waste of financial and
    human resources due to conflicting or poor
    nutritional advice to agriculturists.
  • Be advocates for maximizing the qualitative as
    well as quantitative contributions of agriculture
    to feeding the human population.

16
Dont depend on any one solution!
  • Protein quality can be assured from genetically
    improved cereals such as QPM or by legumes or oil
    seed protein to complement a cereal staple or by
    adding animal protein to the diet.
  • Vitamin A activity can come from the beta
    carotene of yellow vegetables and be enhanced by
    genetic engineering as well as animals.
  • B vitamins and minerals can be provided cheaply
    and effectively by universal multiple
    fortification of the cereal staple so that
    breeding for them may not be worthwhile.

17

Conclusions
  • Target the process, not just the
    problem Mainstreaming in development, PRSPs
  • Challenge the invisibility of
    malnutrition forgotten emergencies, hidden
    hunger,
  • Address all aspects (lifecycle) of malnutrition
    Wasting, stunting, micronutrients, obesity
  • Protect investments against shocks Multiple
    inputs, links with all MDGs
  • Legislated empowerment (rights)
  • Meeting demand requires funds for nutrition

18
Thank you
  • Thank you
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