Monday, September 12th

1
Monday, September 12th

• Bell Work
• Identify the building blocks in the structures
  below.

C
A
B
2
Macromolecules
3
Organic Compounds

• Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic.
• This is different from organic foods in the
  grocery store.
• Compounds that do not contain CARBON are called
  inorganic.

4
Organic Compounds

• Macromolecules are large organic molecules.
• Bio-molecules are the macromolecules of life

5
Carbon (C)

• Carbon has 4 outer electrons
• Carbon can form covalent bonds with as many as 4
  other atoms (elements).
• Usually with C, H, O or N.
• Example CH4(methane)

6
Macromolecules
Video!

• Large organic molecules.
• Also called POLYMERS. (poly many)
• Made up of smaller building blocks called
  MONOMERS. (mono one)
• 4 Major Macromolecules/Bio-molecules
• 1. Carbohydrates
• 2. Lipids
• 3. Proteins
• 4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

7
Carbohydrates
8
Carbohydrates

• Small sugar molecules to large sugar molecules.
• Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in a 121
  ratio.
• Building Block
• monosaccharide
• Types of Carbs
• A. monosaccharide
• B. disaccharide
• C. polysaccharide

9
Carbohydrates

• Monosaccharide one sugar unit
• aka simple sugars
• Examples glucose (C6H12O6)
• deoxyribose
• ribose
• Fructose
• Galactose

10
Carbohydrates

• Disaccharide two sugar units
• Examples
• Sucrose (glucose fructose)
• Lactose (glucose galactose)
• Maltose (glucose glucose)

11
Carbohydrates

• Polysaccharide many sugar units
• Examples starch (bread, potatoes)
• glycogen (beef muscle)
• cellulose (lettuce, corn)

12
Functions of Carbohydrates

• Broken down as a source of energy
• Part of cell structure

13
Carbohydrates

• Starches serves as plant energy storage (think
  potatoes)
• Glucose monomers joined together, branched
• Glycogen serves as animal energy storage
• Glucose monomers joined together, straight
• Cellulose structural component in plants
• Cannot be broken down by humans

14
Carbohydrates
Video!
15
Tuesday, September 13th

• Bell Work
• The term organic refers to
• Compounds that form multiple bonds
• Compounds that are healthy and contain no
  preservatives
• Compounds that contain carbon
• Compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon
• The four classes of macromolecules are made up of
  building blocks called
• Polymers
• Monomers
• Carbon bases
• Carbohydrates

16
Tuesday, September 13th

1. Carbohydrates are made up of __________,
   ____________, and ____________ in a ______
   ratio.
2. Provide an example of a monosaccharide and a
   polysaccharide.

17
Review from Monday

• Be ready to answer a question from Mondays
  worksheet about carbohydrates!

18
Vocabulary

• Lipid
• Fatty acid
• Glycerol
• Glyceride
• Protein
• Amino acid
• Dipeptide
• Polypeptide
• Nucleic acid
• Nucleotide

• Organic
• Inorganic
• Building block
• Monomer
• Polymer
• Carbohydrate
• Monosaccharide
• Disaccharide
• Polysaccharide

19
Lipids
20
Lipid Lab

• Brown Paper Bag Lab
• You and a partner will move around the room to
  collect samples.
• For each food item you will smear a sample on
  your brown paper bag.
• Leave your bag on the back counter once you have
  finished collecting samples.

DO NOT EAT THE LAB SAMPLES!
21
LIPIDS
BUILDING BLOCK FATTY ACIDS AND
GLYCEROL ELEMENTS C H O (NO
RATIO but there will be more Cs and Hs)
22
FATTY ACID AND GLYCEROL
23
Lipids

• General term for compounds which are not soluble
  in water. (non-polar)
• LIPIDS ARE SOLUBLE IN NONPOLAR SUBSTANCES----DO
  NOT DISSOLVE IN POLAR SUBSTANCES (ex OIL/WATER)
• Lipids are soluble in hydrophobic solvents.
  (phobicfear, hydrowater)

24
Examples of LIPIDS

• 1. Fats
• 2. Phospholipids
• 3. Oils
• 4. Waxes 5. Steroid/ Hormones 6.
  Triglycerides

25
Lipids

• Triglyceridescomposed of 1 glycerol and 3
  fatty acids.

26
Lipids

• Six functions of lipids
• 1. Long term energy storage
• 2. Protection against heat loss (insulation)
• 3. Protection against water loss
• 4. Chemical messengers (hormones)
• 5. Major component of membranes (phospholipids)

27
Fatty Acids
Video!

• There are two kinds of fatty acids (carbon
  chains) you may see on food labels
• 1. Saturated fatty acids no double bonds (bad)
• 2. Unsaturated fatty acids double bonds (good)

Solid fats!
Liquid oils!
28
Lipid Lab

• Check your smears and record what each sample
  looks like.
• Record your data on the bottom of the lipid
  worksheet.

29
Wednesday, September 14th Bell work

• Which of the following compounds represents an
  organic molecule?
• C6H8O3
• SO4
• H2PO4
• CuOH
• What type of bonds hold carbon atoms to other
  atoms in regards to organic compounds?
• Ionic
• Hydrogen
• Covalent
• Peptide
• What elements make up carbohydrates and lipids?

30
Wednesday, September 14th Bell Work

• The building blocks for lipids are ______________
  _______________.
• Monosaccharides, Disaccharides
• Fatty Acids, Glycerol
• Monomers, Polymers
• Saturated Fats, Unsaturated Fats
• Lipids are _________ molecules that are not
  soluble in water.
• Nonpolar
• Polar
• Ionic
• Covalent
• List 2 functions of lipids.

31
Wednesday, September 14th

• Lipid Review (worksheet)
• Protein Notes
• Protein Lab Demo
• Protein Worksheet
• Quiz!
• Reminders!
• Thursday is LAST day for test re-takes!
• Macromolecule test next THURSDAY!!
• Collect scantrons from 1st test
• 1st block Smart Cards

32
Proteins
33
Proteins (Polypeptides)

• Basic building block Amino Acid
• There are 20 amino acids (your body makes 12
  amino acids)
• Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and
  Sulfur

34
Proteins (Polypeptides)

• Amino Acids
• Made of carbon bonded to a carboxyl group (-), an
  amine group (), a hydrogen, and an R-group.
• Variation between amino acids comes from
  different R-groups.
• Amino Acids are linked together by peptide bonds.

35
Amine Group
Carboxyl Group
36
Proteins (Polypeptides)

• Six functions and examples of proteins
• 1. Storage albumin (egg white)
• 2. Transport hemoglobin (blood)
• 3. Regulatory hormones
• 4. Movement muscles
• 5. Structural membranes, hair, nails
• 6. Enzymes cellular reactions

37
Protein Primary Structure

• Amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds
  (straight chains)

38
Protein Secondary Structure

• 3-dimensional folding arrangement of a primary
  structure into coils and pleats held together by
  hydrogen bonds.
• Two examples

39
Protein Tertiary Structure

• Secondary structures bent and folded into a more
  complex 3-D arrangement of linked polypeptides
• Bonds H-bonds, ionic, covalent

40
Protein Quaternary Structure

• Composed of 2 or more subunits
• Example enzymes

41
Thursday, September 15th

• Bell Work Complete the following table.

Macromolecule Elements Building Block
Monosaccharide
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur
Lipid
42
Thursday, September 15th

• Protein Review
• Nucleic Acid Notes
• Nucleic Acid Worksheet
• turn in completed packet 5 pages!
• McMush Lab Introduction
• If you have any zeros (0) you may NOT participate
  in the lab on Friday. This includes the
  macromolecule poster.
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vN2diPZOtty0

43
Nucleic Acids
44
Nucleic Acids
Building Block Nucleotides ELEMENTS C H
O N P
45
Nucleic acids

• Nucleotides include
• phosphate group
• sugar
• DNA deoxyribose
• RNA ribose
• nitrogenous bases

46
Nucleotide

47
Nucleic acids

• Two types
• a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA- double
  helix)
• stores genetic information
• b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA-single
  strand)
• builds proteins

48
DNA - double helix