Unit 6 Lesson 1

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Unit 6 Lesson 1

• Health Care

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If you are sick, you go to ...........
A hospital
3
Who works in the hospital?
Doctor Nurse
Specialist
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Now turn to your books listen to the
conversation

• What is happening in Ahmads house?
• Why is that?
• What was wrong with Ahmads uncle?
• What is Malaria?

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What is Malaria?

• Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease
  caused by protozoan parasites. It is widespread
  in tropical and subtropical regions, including
  parts of the Americas, Asia, and Africa. Each
  year, there are approximately 515 million cases
  of malaria, killing between one and three million
  people, the majority of whom are young children
  in Sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria is commonly
  associated with poverty, but is also a cause of
  poverty and a major hindrance to economic
  development.

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Caused by

• Malaria parasites are transmitted by female
  Anopheles mosquitoes. The parasites multiply
  within red blood cells, causing symptoms that
  include symptoms of anemia (light headedness,
  shortness of breath, tachycardia etc.), as well
  as other general symptoms such as fever, chills,
  nausea, flu-like illness, and in severe cases,
  coma and death. Malaria transmission can be
  reduced by preventing mosquito bites with
  mosquito nets and insect repellents, or by
  mosquito control measures such as spraying
  insecticides inside houses and draining standing
  water where mosquitoes lay their eggs.

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• 
  The life cycle of
  malaria parasites in the
  
• 
  human body. A mosquito infects a pregnant
  
• 
  woman, first in the liver and then in the
  
• 
  bloodstream. First, sporozoites enter the
  
• 
  bloodstream, and migrate to the liver.
  They
• 
  infect liver cells (hepatocytes), where
  they multiply into merozoites, rupture the liver
  cells, and escape back into the bloodstream.
  Then, the merozoites infect red blood cells
  (erythrocytes), where they develop into ring
  forms, then trophozoites (a feeding stage), then
  multinucleated schizonts (a reproduction stage),
  then merozoites again. The merozoites rupture the
  blood cells and return to the bloodstream to
  infect more blood cells. Only the ring forms
  circulate in the bloodstream the other red blood
  cells stick (adhere) to the walls (endothelium)
  of small blood vessels (venules), preventing the
  infected red blood cells from traveling to the
  spleen and being destroyed.

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Areas of the world where malaria is endemic in
the 21st Century (coloured blue).
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Can you name other diseases?
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Here are some of the common diseases in our
society

• Diabetes
• High / low blood pressure
• Heart diseases
• Cancer
• Eye diseases

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Other diseases such as

• Glaucoma is a group of diseases of the optic
  nerve involving loss of retinal ganglion cells in
  a characteristic pattern of optic neuropathy.
  Although raised intraocular pressure is a
  significant risk factor for developing glaucoma,
  there is no set threshold for intraocular
  pressure that causes glaucoma. One person may
  develop nerve damage at a relatively low
  pressure, while another person may have high eye
  pressure for years and yet never develop damage.
  Untreated glaucoma leads to permanent damage of
  the optic nerve and resultant visual field loss,
  which can
• progress to blindness.

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• Glaucoma has been nicknamed "sneak thief of
  sight" because the loss of visual field often
  occurs gradually over a long time and may only be
  recognized when it is already quite advanced.
  Once lost, this damaged visual field can never be
  recovered. Worldwide, it is the second leading
  cause of blindness.1 Glaucoma affects one in
  two hundred people aged fifty and younger, and
  one in ten over the age of eighty

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Another disease

• Trachoma (Ancient Greek "rough eye") is an
  infectious eye disease, and the leading1 cause
  of the world's infectious blindness. Globally, 84
  million people suffer from active infection and
  nearly 8 million people are visually impaired as
  a result of this disease. Globally this disease
  results in an estimated US 2.9 billion in lost
  productivity every year

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An awful disease

• Leprosy, or Hansen's disease,
• is a chronic infectious disease caused by the
  bacterium Mycobacterium leprae.1 Leprosy is
  primarily a granulomatous disease of the
  peripheral nerves and mucosa of the upper
  respiratory tract skin lesions are the primary
  external symptom.2 Left untreated, leprosy can
  be progressive, causing permanent damage to the
  skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes. Contrary to
  popular conception,citation needed leprosy does
  not cause body parts to simply fall off, and it
  differs from tzaraath, the malady described in
  the Hebrew scriptures and previously translated
  into English as leprosy.3

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• Historically, leprosy has affected humanity since
  at least 600 BC, and was well-recognized in the
  civilizations of ancient China, Egypt and
  India.4 In 1995, the World Health Organization
  (WHO) estimated that between two and three
  million people were permanently disabled because
  of leprosy.5 Although the forced quarantine or
  segregation of patients is unnecessaryand can be
  considered unethicala few leper colonies still
  remain around the world, in countries such as
  India, Japan, Egypt, and Vietnam.

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World distribution of leprosy, 2003.
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Q. Choose the correct answer?

• 1. Ahmads uncle had ..
• a. Malaria b. Tuberculosis
• c. Typhoid d. Cancer
• 2. Ahmads uncle has just come out of
• a. workshop b. house
• c. hospital d. farm
• 3. What is Malaria?
• a. a food b. an animal
• c. a game d. a disease

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• Complete the following sentences
• 1- To have a party is to.
• 2- Malaria is a
• 3- In the past, sick people are treated with
  .
• 4- Nowadays, sick people are treated in
  ..
• 5- People who work in hospitals are ..,
  .........., and .

celebrate
disease
herbs
hospitals
doctors
nurses
employees