Egypt

1
Egypts Old Kingdom

• Chapter 2
• Section 2

2
Myths

• Myths are stories people use to understand nature
  and their place in the world.
• Egyptian mythology was based on nature the sun,
  stars, and moon and the Nile River.

3
Egypts Religion

• Deities Egyptians believed in many gods and
  goddesses
• These deities controlled every human activity and
  all natural forces.
• Re The major god, the sun god.
• Hapi Ruled the Nile River.
• Isis Most important goddess.
• Egyptians believed in life after death.
• The Book of the Dead contained a collection of
  spells that Egyptians believed they needed to
  enter the afterlife.
• For many centuries, Egyptians believed only
  pharaohs and a few elite people could have life
  after death.
• Embalming To protect the pharaohs body after
  death, developed this process.
• The bodys organs were removed.
• Body treated with spices and oils and then
  wrapped with strips of linen.
• Wrapped body called a mummy.
• Doctors used herbs drugs to treat illnesses.
• Set broken bones and stitched cuts.
• 1st doctors to specialize in different areas of
  medicine.
• Wrote worlds 1st medical book.

4
Discussion Question

• Why was it important for pharaohs to reach the
  afterlife?
• Egyptians believed pharaohs would continue to
  care for Egypt once they reached the afterlife.

5
The Pyramids

• Pyramids built to protect bodies of dead
  pharaohs.
• Contained items they might need in afterlife.
• Took thousands of people and years of labor to
  build.
• Used astronomy and math to create pyramids.
• To build
• 1st selected a site
• Then searched for stone.
• Artisans cut stone into blocks, and other workers
  tied the stone to sleds and pulled them to the
  Nile.
• At river, workers loaded the stones onto barges
  and floated them to the site.
• There, blocks were unloaded and dragged or pushed
  up ramps.
• While studying skies to create pyramids,
  Egyptians created the 365-day calendar.
• This is the basis for our calendar today
• Great Pyramid largest one in Egypt
• Built for King Khufu
• Located near the city of Cairo in Giza.

6
Discussion Question

• What math advances did the Egyptians make while
  working on the pyramids?
• They invented the base-10 number systems and
  created fractions.