World History Chapter 2 Section 3

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World History Chapter 2Section 3

• Kingdom of the Nile

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Geography

• Without the Nile river there would not have been
  an Egyptian civilization
• Dessert protected Egypt from invasion
• It also limited settlement
• Yearly Flood soaked land and deposited silt?
• Egyptians built dikes, reservoirs and irrigation
  ditches to control the Nile

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Two Regions

• Upper Region and Lower Region
• Upper Egypt from the first cataract in the Nile
  to within 100 miles of the Mediterranean Sea
• Cataract - waterfall
• Lower Egypt delta region where the Nile empties
  into the Mediterranean Sea
• Delta triangle shaped marsh area of land formed
  by deposits of silt at the mouth of some rivers

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• 3100 B.C. King of Upper Egypt King Menes,
  united both upper and lower regions
• Founded the first capital at Memphis site where
  Nile empties into delta
• Nile helped to unify Egypt as a transportation
  and communication network and a trade route

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Kingdoms of Egypt

• Old Kingdom 2575 2130
• Middle Kingdom 1938 1630
• New Kingdom 1539 1075
• Power was passed from one family to the next
  which kept the land united

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• The ancient Egyptian sculpture called The Sphinx
  is also located on the Giza plateau, and was
  probably carved at the request of the 4th dynasty
  pharaoh Chephren or Khafre. The statue is carved
  out of the native bedrock, and has the body of a
  lion and (so is believed) Pharaoh Chephren's
  face. Later the Sphinx became associated with the
  Egyptian god Harmakhis.

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Old Kingdom

• Kings who were later called Pharaohs, organized
  a strong central state
• Key in government and state people believed he
  was a god
• Absolute power owned and ruled all land in the
  kingdom
• Also seen as human expected to behave morally
  and Pharaohs were judge for there deeds

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• Pharaohs of the Old Kingdom took pride in justice
• Used bureaucracy system of government that
  includes different functions and levels of
  authority
• Vizier chief minister supervised business of
  the government
• Headed various departments tax, farming,
  irrigation
• Thousands of scribes followed his orders

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• Great Pyramids Old Kingdom built the great
  Necropolis / cemeteries
• Giza location of the greatest pyramids
• Tombs inside of pyramids were where the dead
  would live for eternity
• Believed in an afterlife preserved dead rulers
  and gave them everything they would need in their
  new lives
• Pyramids took a long time to build, so most
  rulers started building them when they took power

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Middle Kingdom

• Marked by power struggles, crop failures, and the
  cost of building pyramids led to collapse of Old
  Kingdom so not very well financially
• Turbulent Period Nile did not rise as it used
  to
• Corruption and rebellions were common
• Some progress drainage projects at delta made
  more farm land
• Egyptian armies also controlled gold rich Nubia /
  Kush
• Trade continued with Middle East and Mediterranean

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• 1700 B.C.
• Hyksos invaded and took over the Nile delta
• Little conflict between people and new rulers
• Introduced horse drawn chariot
• Hyksos impressed with Egyptian culture
• Adopted Egyptian customs, beliefs, and names
• After 100 years of Hyksos rule, new Egyptian
  leaders emerged

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New Kingdom

• Empire grew 1450 B.C. it stretched to Syria and
  the Euphrates
• First Female Ruler
• Hatshepsut exercised all rights of a Pharaoh
• Encouraged trade to Mediterranean
• Thutmose III stepson great military leader
  and stretched borders farther than ever

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• Ramses II ruled for 66 years
• Best known, as he boasted about himself on
  monuments some may not have been true
• Fought many battles against the Hittites to the
  North
• Signed a peace treaty with them first such
  document known to have survived
• Egypt conquered Nubia this gave them gold,
  ivory, cattle and slaves
• Ramses II used gold from Nubia to pay his
  charioteers

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Decline

• 1100 B.C.
• Invaders Assyrians and Persians conquered the
  Nile region
• in 332 B.C the last dynasty of the Nile ended as
  the Greeks took control of the area