EDTHP 115 10/30/02 Today we

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EDTHP 11510/30/02Today well discuss

• Educational Philosophies and Pioneers
• Schooling After the Common School Era,
  1860s-1890s
• Education During the Progressive Era, 1890s-1940s

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Philosophies of Education

• Idealismthe belief that, since the physical
  world is constantly changing, ideas are the only
  reliable form of reality
• Realismthe features of the universe exist
  whether or not a human being is there to perceive
  them

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Philosophies, cont.

• Pragmatismshares some ideas with realism, but
  less rigid. It rejects the idea of absolute,
  unchanging truth. Instead, truth is what works,
  hence the term pragmatism
• Existentialisma philosophical view suggesting
  that humanity is not part of an orderly universe
  rather, individuals create their own existence in
  their own unique way.

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Theories of Education

• Progressivism
• Social Reconstructionism
• Critical Theory
• Perennialism
• Essentialism

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Key Accomplishments of Educational Pioneers
(Part 1)Note we hadnt finished this in the
previous class, so we discussed and reviewed this

• Comenius First picture book for learning, the
  Orbis Sensualum Pictus, or The Visible World in
  Pictures
• John Locke Introduced the concept of a childs
  mind as a tabula rasa, or blank slate

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Key Accomplishments of Educational Pioneers (Part
2)

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau Revolted against the
  theory of child depravity, that children are
  inherently bad. Contended in Emile, that
  children, instead, are noble savages, until
  corrupted by society.
• Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi The object lesson, a
  way to encourage Rousseaus natural education
  for children in groups.

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Key Accomplishments of Educational Pioneers (Part
3)

• Friedrich Froebel Kindergarten
• Herbert Spencer Utilitarian education,
  emphasizing practical outcomes
• John Dewey Progressive education, emphasizing
  problem solving
• Jane Addams Socialized education, with emphasis
  on responding to student diversity

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Key Accomplishments of Educational Pioneers (Part
4)

• Maria Montessori Montessori education,
  structuring the environment to accommodate
  childrens natural desire to work at learning
• Piaget Developmentally-appropriate education,
  based on childrens stage of cognitive development

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Common Schools, 1820s-1880s

• Where we left off
• Standardization
• Curriculum
• Teaching
• Teacher Training
• School Buildings

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New Textbooks
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New Buildings and Blueprints
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New Buildings and Blueprints
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School Buildings
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Education in the Progressive Era, 1890s-1950s

• Major Changes in American Life
• Urbanization
• Industrialization
• Immigration

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Social and Educational Concerns

• Health and Well Being of Students
• Overly Rigid, Mechanized, Lock-Step Instruction
• Meet the Needs of Individual Students