1. ???Internet????

1
? 2 ?
??????
2
? 2 ? ??????
1. ???Internet???? 2. ??????(EDI)?? 3.
???????? 4. ??????
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2.1 ???Internet????
???Internet????
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1. ?????????
???????????
?? ?? ?? ????
1946? ?????? ??? 5000?/?
1958? ?????? ??? ???/?
1964? ?????? ???? ????/?
1971??? ?????? ??????? ??--????/?
????????
???? ??18??,?????????,???????????
???? ???????????????
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2. ??????
????

• ????????????????????,?????????,???????
• ????????
• ???????
• ????
• ????
• ????
• ????????????(LAN)????(WAN)

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?????
?????????????
7
?????

• ????
• ??????
• ?????
• ?????????
• ????
• ??????

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???????-OSI????
???????(ISO)?1977???????????(OSI),??1983?
??????,?????????????????????????????????
IEEE802??
OSI?????IEEE802????????
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3. Internet
Internet???????????????(DARPA)?The
Interneting Project(?????)???,?????????????????In
ternet? ??,Internet??????????????????????
????????
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Internet? ??
????,Internet????????????????
Internet?????TCP/IP???????????
Internet??????????,????????,?????????????????
Internet???????????????????
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Internet?????
1. ????Telnet ?????,??????????????
??????????????,?????????????????,?????????????????
?????????????? 2. ????FTP
FTP(File Transfer Protocol)???Internet??????(Downl
oad)????????,FTP???????????????????
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3.????E-mail E-mail??????(?SMTP?POP
3)??????????????(????????????)?????????
4.???WWW WWW? World Wide Web???,????????????
?HTTP,??????(HyperText)??????,????????????????????
??????
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5.?????Usernet ????????????????,??????????
???(?)????,?????????????,??????????????????
6.???? ??????,??????????,????,????????
???????
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Internet????
Internet??????????,Internet??????????????
,?????,????? ???????FTP???,??????WWW????BB
S????Gopher????WAIS????Archie????News????????????
??????????????????,????????????????,??????
??????????,??????????????,?????????????,??????????
? ?????????Telnet?????WWW????FTP?????????
????
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4. Intranet
Intranet???Internet??????????????????
??????????????? Intranet??????????????
? Intranet??Internet???,???WWW?????????????
?????
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??????????????,???????Intranet?
?????????????,??????????,????????,?Intranet???????
???WWW????DNS????????????????????????????,??????In
ternet??????????????????,??????WWW????????????????
???,??????????????
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Intranet????
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5. Extranet
???????,??Intranet (?????)??????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????,????????????
?????
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6. TCP/IP??
1. TCP/IP????????,????????TCP(Transmission
Control protocol)????? IP(Internet
Protocol)?????????? 2. Internet??????????????
???????,???????Internet???TCP/IP???,????TCP/IP???
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TCP/IP???????
?OSI????,TCP/IP???????????????????????
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??????
?? ????
??? SMTP?DNS?DSP?FTP?TELNET?GOPHER?WAIS?HTTP?
??? TCP?UDP?DVP?
??? IP?UMP?AKP?UWP
??? ETHERNET?ARPANET?PDN
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TCP??
TCP(Transmission Control
Protocol)????????,????????????????????????????????
????,?????? TCP??????????????????????,
???????
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TCP??????
TCP???????????? ???????????,????????TCP??
??, ????????????,?????????????,
????????????????
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UDP??
UDP(User Datagram Protocol)???????????TCP????????
?TCP????,????????????,??????UDP?????????,????????
UDP?????????????,????,???????????????????,????????
?,????????
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IP??
IP(Internet Protocol)??Internet??,???TCP??
??,????Internet????????,??????????????????
IP????????IP???????????,???????,????????,??IP????
????
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7. IP??
IP?????
Internet??????????????????,????Internet
????????????,???????????Internet??,???????IP??
??????????,???????IP???
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IP?????
IP????IP??????,????32?????????????????,IP?
????8?????IP???32?????,??????.??,?????10????????
IP?? 11001010 01110100 10100000
00100001 ?? 202.116.11.33

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????
???????32???????,?????IP????,????????IP???
???????????,??,IP??????????????
???????????1????IP????????,?0???????
??,?IP???132.56.175.63,?????????255.255.0.0?,?????
?132.56,?????175.63?

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IP?????
?Internet?,IP????5?,???????
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7. ???????
IP???????,??????????,????????????----????(
Domain Name System,??DNS) ?
????????????????????????????
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????
?????????,???3 -- 5?,????? .
??,???????????,????????????????????????
?????????
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??????
???????????,?????????(NIC Network
Information Center)??,???????????,????.cn???????
??????(CNNIC)???
?? ?? ?? ??
?? CN ?? UK
?? HK ?? JP
??Internet?????,???????????
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????
???????????,?????????????
?? ?? ?? ??
COM ???? EDU ????
GOV ???? MIL ????
NET ?????? ORG ?????
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???????
?? ?? ?? ??
BIZ ???? NOM ?????
INFO ????? FIRM ????
MOBL ???? CN ??????
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IP????????
???IP???????????????,????,?????IP??,??????
??IP??,??IP???????????
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8. WWW????
WWW???1984??????????(CERN)??,1991?CERN?????
?WWW??? WWW?????????(Hypertext)?????????,?
???????????????????????,??????????????????????????
??
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?WWW???????
Browser Web Hyperlink
HTML HTTP URL
CGI
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Browser (???)
WWW??????/?????,?????????????
???Web????????????????,??????????????
????????,???? Mosaic?Cello? Lynx?,??????????Micro
soft????? IE(Internet Explorer)?
??????????? Internet????????,? E-mail?FTP??
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Web (WWW???)
?WWW???,Web???????Internet??????
???WWW??????? Web??????????????(????),????
?????????????????????
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Hyperlink (???)
Link???????????????????Hyperlink?????????
???(link)? ????????,??????????????,????????
?????(????????,???????),?????????????????,???????
??(HyperLink)???? ???????????????????????,
??????????????????????????????????,????????????
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HTML??
HTML(HyperText Markup Language,???????)???
???????,???????,???????????????????????,????????
???????????????? HTML????WWW???????,HT
ML??????????????(tag),WWW?????HTML???????
HTML???????????????W3C (World Wide Web
Consortium)?????, ?1990?????????4???, ????????HTML
4.0?
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HTTP??
HTTP(HyperText Transfer
Protocol),???????,????????/????,??????Web?????????
?,?WWW???? ??????????????????????????
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URL
URL(Uniform Locator,?????????),??????????
???????????,??????????
????//??IP??/???//???
1.???? ?Internet????????????,?http,ftp,gopher,mai
lto,news,archie? 2.??IP?????????
Internet????,? WWW??www.beijing.gov.cn?
3.??????? ????????????????,???????(path)???????
???
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CGI
CGI?Common Gateway Interface(??????)???,??
?????WWW???,?????????Web???,Web???????????????????
?????CGI,???????????????????(?DB)?
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Web???
???? ??????? ? ?? ? ????? (?? ???????????????)
?????????,??????????,?????????????????,????
????????????
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??????????
?? ???? ???? ???? ????
? ? ?????????????????????? ????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????
????
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???????????
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WWW????
TCP/IP???
Web???
???
???
Web???
???
Web????????? Web?????????????? ???????Web??????
?????????????CGI?JDBL?WEBAPI?
????
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Web????
1. ??,????????????HTTP???Web???? 2.
??????????????,??????HTML???????????? 3.
?????????????????? ????Web???????????????
?????????????
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Web??????
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9. Internet????
???????????????????????????,?????Internet?
???????
?????????? ??Modem?? Cable
Modem ADSL ????? ??(FTTB)
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????
????--PSTN(Public Switched Telephone
Network)MODEM ??????????????????????,?
????????????????
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Cable Modem?ADSL
ADSL(??????????)? ADSL?????????2M?
Cable Modem??????(CATV)??????,????2M??????

Cable Modem?ADSL???????,?????Internet??????
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? ? ? ?