Fundamental Image Processing

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• ?????? (????,?,???)
• ??????
• ???????
• ????
• PC???, IT
• ??????

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• Pixel Pix (Picture) element
• 2-D???????????

columns
0
1
N-1
n
0
1
rows
m
Digital image M x N pixels
M-1
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• Voxel Volume element
• 3-D???????????

l
0
m
Digital image L x M x N pixels
n
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• ?????????3?????????

Triangular grid
Square grid
Hexagonal grid
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• ?????????????

Triangular grid
Square grid
Hexagonal grid
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4
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????
9
4
0
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???

• ????????????

80 x 60 pixels
40 x 30 pixels
320 x 240 pixels
160 x 120 pixels
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• ????????

80 x 60 pixels
40 x 30 pixels
320 x 240 pixels
160 x 120 pixels
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?????

• ???????

256 colors
16.7 million colors
4 colors
16 colors
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???

• ??????????????????????

??????? (?????????)
????????? (???????)
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???(??)

• 2-D ?????????

?????????????????????
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???

• ???????????????????????

????????? (???????)
??????? (?????????????)
??????? 3 bit 8 level 8 bit 256 level
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???(??)

• 2-D?????????

?????????????????
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??????
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??????

• ??????????????????????
• ?????
• ????
• ????

FILTER
?
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??????(??)

• ????????
• ??????????
• ??????????
• ?????????
• ?????????

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?????

• ????
• ??????
• ?????????

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???????

• ???????????????

0
5
4
6
4
3
8
5
5
7
5
10
8
8
9
7
3
8
0
9
7
8
1
7
9
10
5
3 x 3 (5 x 5) (7 x 7)
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???????(??)

• ????????

8
6
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???????(??)

• ?1 ?????????

????? (5 Gaussian)
???
???????
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???????(??)

• ?2 ??????????

????? (Random binary)
???
???????
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?????????

• ?????????,???????????????????
• ????????????????????

???
Sobel Dx
Laplacian
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Binomial????

• 1-D Binomial????
• ?????????????????????????????????????
• p ??????

Pascals triangle
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Binomial????(??)

• 2-D Binomial????
• 1-D ????????????????????

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Binomial????(??)

• ? B4???

???????
??????
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???????

• ???????
• ????????????????????
• ???????
• ????????????????????
• ?????(???)????

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?????????

• ????????????????????

8
8
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?????????(??)

• ? 3 x 3 ????

???????
??????
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?????????

• ???
• ??????
• ??????
• ???????
• ???????
• ???????
• ???????
• ??????
• ??????

??????
???????
??? (3 x 3)
??? (3 x 3)
??? (3 x 3)
??? (3 x 3)
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???
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?????

• ???????(??)??????????
• ???????????? (????????)
• ????????????????
• ???????????????

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??????

• ???????
• ??????
• ??????

Intensity
x
Intensity
x
Intensity
x
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1-D ??????

• 1????2???

???
1???
2???
Fig. from Digital Image Processing (Springer)
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Gradient-base

• 1?????????
• ?????????

2 x 2 ???
3 x 3 ???
??????????????
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Gradient-base (??)

• ????????
• Roberts
• Prewitt
• Sobel

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Gradient-base (??)

• ? Prewitt?????

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Laplacian operator

• 2?????????

4 direction
8 direction
???????????
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Laplacian operator (??)

• ? Laplacian?????

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Laplacian Of Gaussian

• ??????????????
• Gauss???????(?????)????Laplacian?????
• Laplacian of Gaussian

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Laplacian Of Gaussian (??)

• ? LOG?????

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2???
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2???

• ?? (???????) ????????
• ?????????????

Fig. from Digital Image Processing (Springer)
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2??

• ?????T??????f???
• 1 ??, 0??
• ?????????????
• ??????
• P-????
• ????
• ???????

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??????

• ?????????????????

Number of points
Intensity value
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??????

• ??????????

Number of points
Number of points
Intensity
Intensity
T
????,????????
?
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P-????

• ?????????????p???????
• ????T??????????

(100 - p)
p
Number of points
Intensity
T
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????

• ??????????????

t1 t2 ?????????? T 2????????????
????????
Number of points
t1
t2
Intensity
C1 C2 ?????
T
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???????

• ??????
• ??????
• 2???????T??????????????

S2
S1
Number of points
Intensity
T
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2??

• ?

Fig. from Digital Image Processing (Springer)
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References

• Bernd Jahne, Digital Image Processing, Springer
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