ISPS

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ISPS

• 11. Security Training

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Security Training

1. Training requirements

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Dont Be Kept In The Dark!
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Before ISPS

• Training requirements concerning security were
  very poor and generic
• The only training requirement could be found
  within the STCW Masters and chief officers on
  board of ships gt 500 GT should be trained to
  maintain safety and security of ships crew and
  passengers.
• The training on board was totally focused on
  safety fire and boat drills, onboard emergency
  procedures, maintenance of safety systems etc.
• No security matters were covered

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After ISPS

• All of a sudden security training was there and
  in a very prominent way.
• The ISPS code reveals training requirements at 3
  fundamental levels.
• Security awareness
• Provision of security
• Management of security

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Level 1 Basic security Training
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Level 2 Provision of security Training
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Level 3 Management of security Training
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Not everybody has to be trained in the same way

• ISPS part A (compulsary part) requires training
  for security officers (ship, port and company)
  and for personnel with security duties.
• ISPS part B recommends basic security training
  for all other personnel

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Hierarchy for maritime security training
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Remarks

• An approved ISPS training program goes well
  beyond the training of personnel in a security
  management function.
• Officers on duty in port or at sea must be
  trained according A 13.3 Master and Chief
  Officers are supervising and managing the duties
  of the deck officers. STCW (not ISPS) states that
  they should also be trained in the management of
  on-board security. At this moment there are no
  security training requirements within STCW?

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Remarks

• During the initial phase the required ISPS
  training has been provided by means of formal
  training programs
• Once implemented there is an on-going requirement
  for on-board training (part A regular
  intervals, Part B every 3 months while large
  scale and multi-jurisdictional exercises are to
  be conducted each year.) Maybe it is necessary to
  organise nation-wide exercises every 3 years?
  Remark The results of such exercises must be
  kept top-secret since they indicate potential
  weaknesses in the security system.

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In service training

• The training strategy implied by the ISPS-code is
  based on a train-the-trainer model. This means
  you provide the security manager with accredited
  training and they will train everybody else.
• This system is unusual in commercial shipping.
  Merchant officers are sailors not teachers
• In service training is permitted as long as the
  persons being trained are assessed to determine
  that they are competent to perform their duties.

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In service training

• The role of the security officers is vital
• Under the STCW-context it is required that the
  training is covered by a quality assurance
  program. (ISM-procedures)
• Another possibility is to seek training providers
  that have developed modules that can be used by
  the ship Security Officers or by training
  providers during on board training sessions
• Module covering basic security requirement
• Module covering provisions and security elements
• This way of working makes approval by the
  competent authorities easier

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Course Content

• A problem when it comes to national legislations
• ISPS has been implemented at a speed never seen
  before. The national legislations have to follow
  but this does not happen at the same speed gt gap
  between the flagstate obligations and the
  international legislation

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Crisis management Training

• The training requirements described in the ISPS
  Code seem to presume that the security officers
  have some basic understanding of crisis
  management. While this assumption is true for
  military/coast guard personnel (whose operations
  are exempted from the ISPS Code), and may be true
  for security officers in the oil and gas and
  passenger vessel industries, it is not
  necessarily true for merchant mariners trained to
  STCW standards.
• BRM only helps when it comes to internal issues
  related to a crisis
• BRM training is still not compulsary.
• Making BRM compulsary would make ISPS training
  more effective

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Crisis management Training

• Coordinating security efforts with other
  organisations require the installation of a
  standard structure such as ICS Incident command
  system
• A critical feature of ICS is that everyone adapts
  a common vocabulary, utilize standardized forms,
  and receive basic training on how ICS works.

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• The following personnel must receive training for
  their appointments and positions
• COMPANY SECURITY OFFICERS (CSOs)
• SHIP SECURITY OFFICERS (SSOs)
• MARITIME SECURITY OFFICERS (SOs)
• SHIPS SECURITY STAFF
• PORT FACILITY SECURITY OFFICERS (PFSOs)
• PORT FACILITY SECURITY STAFF

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Company Security Officer Ship Security Officer
Training should include

1. Security administration
2. Relevant international conventions, codes and
   recommendations
3. Relevant Government legislation and regulations
4. Responsibilities and functions of other security
   organizations
5. Methodology of ship security assessment
6. Methods of ship security surveys and
   inspectionsS
7. Ship and port operations and conditions
8. Ship and port facility security measures
9. Emergency preparedness and response and
   contingency planning

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1. Instruction techniques for security training and
   education,including security measures and
   procedures
2. Handling sensitive security-related information
   and security-related communications
3. Knowledge of current security threats and
   patterns
4. Recognition and detection of weapons, dangerous
   substances and devices
5. Recognition, on a non-discriminatory basis, of
   characteristics and behavioural patterns of
   persons who are likely to threaten security
6. Techniques used to circumvent security measures
7. Security equipment and systems and their
   operational limitations
8. Methods of conducting audits, inspection, control
   and monitoring

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• Methods of physical searches and non-intrusive
  inspections
• Security drills and exercises, including drills
  and exercises with port facilities and
• Assessment of security drills and exercises.

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• In addition, the Ship Security Officer should
  have adequate knowledge of, and receive training
  in, some or all of the following, as appropriate
  The layout of the ship
• The ship security plan (SSP) and related
  procedures (includingscenario-based training on
  how to respond)
• Crowd management and control techniques
• Operations of security equipment and systems and
  
• Testing, calibration and at-sea maintenance of
  security equipment and systems.

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• Shipboard personnel having specific security
• duties should have sufficient knowledge and
• ability to perform their assigned duties
  including,
• Knowledge of current security threats and
  patterns
• Recognition and detection of weapons, dangerous
  substances and devices
• Recognition of characteristics and behavioural
  patterns of persons who are likely to threaten
  security
• Techniques used to circumvent security measures
• Crowd management and control techniques
• Security-related communications

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1. knowledge of the emergency procedures and
   contingency plans
2. Operations of security equipment and systems
3. Testing, calibration and at-sea maintenance of
   security equipment and systems
4. Inspection, control, and monitoring techniques
   and
5. Methods of physical searches of persons, personal
   effects, baggage, cargo, and ship's stores.

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• All other shipboard personnel should have
• sufficient knowledge of and be familiar with
• relevant provisions of the SSP, including
• The meaning and the consequential requirements of
  the different security levels
• Knowledge of the emergency procedures and
  contingency plans
• Recognition and detection of weapons, dangerous
  substances and devices
• Recognition, on a non-discriminatory basis, of
  characteristics and behavioural patterns of
  persons who are likely to threaten security and
• Techniques used to circumvent security measures.

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Drills and exercises

• Organsation of these drills and exercises is one
  of the main responsabilities of the SSO
• The SSP is a living document that should be
  updated ceaseless
• The SSP should be in line with most probable and
  realistic threats (changing)
• Drills and exercises are the proper method to
  maintain and improve the SSP

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Drills and exercises

• The objective of drills and exercises is to
  ensure that shipboard personnel are proficient in
  all assigned security duties at all security
  levels and the identification of any
  security-related deficiencies which need to be
  addressed.

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• To ensure the effective implementation of the
  provisions of the ship security plan, drills
  should be conducted at least once every three
  months. In addition, in cases where more than 25
  of the ship's personnel has been changed, at any
  one time, with personnel that has not previously
  participated in any drill on that ship within the
  last 3 months, a drill should be conducted within
  one week of the change.

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Drills should test individual elements of SSP
such as

• Damage to, or destruction of, the ship or of a
  port facility, e.g. by explosive devices, arson,
  sabotage or vandalism
• Hi-jacking or seizure of the ship or of persons
  on board
• Tampering with cargo, essential ship equipment or
  systems or ship's stores
• unauthorized access or use, including presence of
  stowaways
• Smuggling weapons or equipment, including weapons
  of mass destruction

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• use of the ship to carry those intending to cause
  a security incident and/or their equipment
• use of the ship itself as a weapon or as a means
  to cause damage or destruction attacks from
  seaward while at berth or at anchor and attacks
  while at sea.
• These exercises should lest communications,
  coordination, resource availability, and
  response.

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• These exercises may be
• Full-scale or live
• Tabletop simulation or seminar or
• Combined with other exercises held, such as SAR
  or emergency response exercises

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• Various types of exercises, which may include
  participation of company security officers, port
  facility security officers, relevant authorities
  of Contracting Governments as well as ship
  security officers, if available, should be
  carried out at least once each calendar year with
  no more than 18 months between the exercises.
  These exercises should test communications,
  co-ordination, resource availability, and
  response.

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Assessment of security drills and exercises

• At the end of each drill or exercise, the Ship
  Security Officer shall review the drill or
  exercise, and ensure that any mistakes made or
  deficiencies identified are corrected. All
  personnel involved shall give their comments on
  the effectiveness of the drill to the Ship
  Security Officer.

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The following slides can be used as hand-out or
aide mémoire when composing the security training
program for officers and crew on board
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Some loose remarks concerning practical exercises
on board

• Determine the most probable threats to your ship
  and concentrate the exercises around these topics
  (concentration of efforts)
• Try to make a link with the actual position
  and/or scheduled voyage of the ship
• Try to combine several exercises into one big
  realistic full scale exercise f.i. fire on board
  together with bomb search
• When planning exercises take the work load of the
  crew into account f.i. not a security exercise
  just after leaving a port.

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Some loose remarks concerning practical exercises
on board

• Exercises on board have to well planned and
  organised gt no amateurism is allowed
• The exercises have to be as realistic as possible
  and applicable to the ship you are sailing on
• Use real stuff (within reasonable limits)
• Bring necessary variation into your exercises.
  The exercise may not be predictable.
• Plan your exercise at a decent time not in the
  free time of people or in the middle of the night

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• Each exercise is composed out of 3 parts
• Breefing (motivation, objectives and methodology
  used)
• Exercise itself
• De-breefing (Evaluation, feed-back)
• Use of modern teaching methods such as computer
  based training, videos etc. These modern
  techniques have to be used to improve the
  teaching not to get rid of it.
• Provide some kind of reward for those who
  performed well during the exercise.

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CREW SECURITY TRAINING program

• Module 1
• Devices and IEDs
• Aim General overview of possible terrorist
  devices and targets.
• Duration 40 mins
• Audience Max 15 - 20 incl key personnel
  involved in BSP
• (Bomb Search Plan)
• Module 2
• Incident Reporting
• Aim General awareness and the correct
  reporting chain.
• Duration 30 mins
• Audience Max 25 by department.
• Module 3
• Baggage Search
• Aim Search techniques for cabin hand
  baggage.
• Duration 45 mins
• Audience Max 12. Gangway duty personnel cabin
  staff.

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• Module 4
• Personal Search
• Aim Body search techniques.
• Duration 45 mins
• Audience Security staff and other selected
  staff incl female.
• Module 5
• Passport Checks
• Aim To indicate key security items in the
  checking of passports.
• Duration 60 mins
• Audience Selected staff Pursers Dept.
• Module 6
• Use of Security Equipment
• Aim To practice the correct use of security
  equipment.
• Duration 30 - 60 mins
• Audience Security Gangway staff. Key BSP
  personnel.

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• Module 7
• Drugs Identification
• Aim Identification correct handling of
  suspect drugs.
• Duration 45 mins
• Audience Ships officers and search personnel.
• Module 8
• Telephone Security
• Aim To raise awareness of telephone security
  needs.
• Duration 30 mins
• Audience Telephonists reception staff.
• Module 9
• Port Security Briefing
• Aim To indicate specific security problems in
  particular ports.
• Audience New crewmembers.

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EXERCISE-EXERCISE-EXERCISE

• Aim To exercise ships personnel under the
  circumstance of a hi-jack occurring at sea.
• Participants Master and/or Staff Captain
• Chief Engineer
• Deck Officer
• Radio Officer
• Safety Officer
• Doctor
• Hotel Director
• Chief Purser
• Chief Housekeeper
• Documentation Ships Security Plan

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• Method Serials given below represent a series
  of events. The requirement is to consider what
  actions, if any, could or should be taken by key
  individuals to minimise the risk to life and
  property and to protect Company interest.
• Serial
• 1 3 Hrs after leaving embarkation port. Three UK
  males appear on bridge with weapons (pistols).
  Watch Officer threatened and asked whereabouts of
  Master (Day Cabin). Two males escort Watch
  Officer to cabin and return with Master approx.
  4 mins later.
• 2 One male Hi-jacker? Leaves the bridge and
  returns after 4 mins with 2 other persons also
  armed. (Possible grenades, 1 x automatic sub
  machine gun and a suitcase (poss parcel bomb).
• 3 One male (leader) uses hand held radio. (Not
  ships equipment). Watch Officer told to secure
  Bridge main and Wing doors. After 5 mins Master
  informed on Bridge telephone by Staff Engr that
  1 x armed male is in Engine Room and by Duty
  Receptionist that 1 x armed female in Chief
  Pursers Office.
• 4. Master told to summon Radio Officer to Bridge
  and instruct Company Operations that ship has
  been seized by Chechnya Liberation Army and to
  standby for urgent demands to FRG Government
  concerning the release of Chechnian patriots held
  in Frankfurt as Political Prisoners.

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• 5. Master instructed to use PA system to request
  all passengers to return to their cabins.
• 6. Three hi-jackers leave Bridge with satchel
  (bomb?).
• 7. Master instructed to use PA system to assemble
  all crew in Muster Stn A.
• 8. Receptionist uses Ships Radio to report
  reception phone jammed by pax calls requesting
  info.
• 9. Reported on Bridge phone - 1 x crewman injured
  (poss gsw to leg) lift lobby Promenaden.
• 10. Master informed by one hi-jacker (leader?)
  that a bomb has been placed in a key location and
  will be detonated by radio if any resistance
  encountered.
• 11. Radio Officer instructed to despatch lengthy
  text document of demands to Coy.
• 12. Radio Officer informs Master he has been
  instructed to downpower all Satellite Comms.
• 13. Hotel Director reports passengers leaving
  their cabins in order to find out what is
  happening.
• 14. Hi-jack leader demands food is taken to
  Bridge, Engine Room, Reception and cabin 6.

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• 15. Master told to bring all passenger Passports
  to Bridge and to identify all passengers who are
  FRG employees.
• 16. Doctor reports injured crewman needs urgent
  attention on shore.
• 17. Master instructed to have all passenger and
  crew mobile phones collected on aft mooring deck.
  
• 18. Hi-jack leader instruct Radio Officer to take
  one man to the TV Centre for a ship announcement.
  
• 19. A lady passenger arrives at main Bridge door
  and says she thinks her husband is suffering a
  heart attack.
• 20. Sole hi-jacker left on Bridge asks location
  of toilet and leaves the bridge.

EXERCISE - EXERCISE - EXERCISE
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!! Good Luck !!