Washington and Adams

1
Washington and Adams

• The First Administrations

2
Washingtons Administration

• Everything Washington did would become a
  precedent (i.e. Mr. President).
• Had little interest in being President.
• Delegated most duties to his cabinet
• Cabinet is a group of advisors that help the
  president
• Thomas Jefferson (Secretary of State)
• Alexander Hamilton (Secretary of the Treasury)
• Residence Act of 1790 (planned for the Capital)
• District of Columbia (late Washington, D.C.)

3
Hamiltons Program

• Strong Government to direct the people
• Debt Plan
• Wanted to assume all states debt into one
  national debt, upset Southern states
• Debt was good, why?
• Tax on whiskey
• Protective tariff
• Established the Bank of the United States in 1791

4
Hamiltons Opponents

• Many did not like his taxes
• Thomas Jefferson disliked Hamilton
• Resigned from the Secretary of State
• Strict construction government should not do
  anything that the Constitution did not
  specifically say
• Hamiltons loose construction Constitution was
  a loose framework of laws on which the government
  could build a nation
• The differing ideas between Jefferson and
  Hamilton will split the country into two
  political parties (Hamilton Federalists
  Jefferson Democratic-Republicans)

5
The French Revolution

• Begins in 1789 (reaction to the American
  Revolution)
• Reign of Terror
• Federalists do not support the revolution, why
  not?
• Jeffersons supporters support, why?

6
France and Great Britain go to War

• April 1793, Washington issued a Proclamation of
  Neutrality
• British had strongest navy
• British search American ships illegally
• France was U.S.s biggest ally
• Genet Affair
• Jays Treaty
• Britain agreed to leave forts in the Northwest
  Territory
• Expanded Trade with Britain
• Congress passes in 1795, British still search
  American ships

7
Whiskey Rebellion

• Western Pennsylvanian farmers ignore tax on
  whiskey
• Rebel against federal government, close courts
  and attacked tax collectors, what does that sound
  like?
• Summer of 1794 Washington gathered an army of
  12,000 men and put down rebellion
• Demonstrated power of the young nation and
  government

8
Political Parties Form

• First developed in early 1790s in reaction to
  the new government
• Not related to current political parties
• Jeffersonian Republicans (Democratic-Republicans)
  belief in strict construction, a small national
  govt, and faith in the people
• Federalists belief in loose construction, a
  stronger national govt, and faith in the
  government

9
Washingtons Farewell Address (1796)

• Choose not to run for a third term (set precedent
  22nd Amendment)
• Warned against the two-party political system
• Warned against sectionalism
• Called for the U.S. to remain neutral in World
  affairs

10
Election of 1796

• The first 2 party election
• Adams and Thomas Pinckney (Federalist Party)
• Jefferson and Aaron Burr (Democratic-Republican
  party)
• Adams wins 71 Electoral votes and Jefferson wins
  68
• Constitution says second place becomes vice
• Federalist President with a Republican vice

11
Adams Administration

• Threat from France
• France upset about Jays Treaty
• French start to seize American ships
• The XYZ Affair
• U.S. ambassadors sent to meet with foreign
  Minister Tallyrand
• Agents X, Y, and Z require 250,000 bribe and a
  10 million dollar loan before the could see
  Tallyrand
• U.S. refused to pay, Millions for defense, but
  not one cent for tribute
• Unofficial naval war with France (Quasi War)

12
Adams Administration (cont.)

• The Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)
• Federalist laws used against Democratic-Republican
  s
• Alien Act what did it do?
• Sedition Act what did it do?
• The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
• Nullification
• Were the resolutions ever enforced?

13
Election of 1800

• Jefferson and Burr tie Electoral vote
• Election goes to the House of Representatives
• House still controlled by Federalists
• Hamilton convinces a vote for Jefferson
• Jefferson wins on 36th ballot
• Twelfth Amendment