TANF

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TANF
For
TANF
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What is a d i s A B I L I T Y ?
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• A physical or mental impairment that
  substantially limits one or more of the major
  life activities of such individual
• A record of such an impairment
• Being regarded as having such and impairment.

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What is a developmental disability?
Federal definition same, but impairment must
substantially limit three or more major life
activities
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What is a Learning Disability?

• A life-long disorder in one or more of the
  central nervous system processes related to
  input, processing or output of information

life-long
input
processing
output
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What is a Major Life Function?

• caring for oneself
• performing manual tasks
• walking seeing
• hearing speaking
• breathing learning
• working ADA REGS 1630.2
  DEFINITIONS

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A Learning Disability IS NOT
Below average intelligence
Mental retardation
Visual or hearing impairment
A result of poor education
Cultural or ethnic origins
The result of mental, physical or emotional
impairment
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FEDERAL DEFINITION OF SUBSTANTIALLY LIMITS THE
MAJOR LIFE ACTIVITY OF "WORKING

• SIGNIFICANTLY RESTRICTED IN THE ABILITY TO
  PERFORM

• A CLASS OF JOBS, OR
• A BROAD RANGE OF JOBS IN VARIOUS CLASSES

• THE INABILITY TO PERFORM A SINGLE PARTICULAR
• JOB IS NOT A SUBSTANTIAL LIMITATION.
• AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT REGULATIONS
• 1630.2 DEFINITION

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Federal Definition of Major Life Activity

• Functions such as
• caring for oneself
• performing manual tasks
• walking seeing
• hearing speaking
• breathing learning
• working ADA REGS 1630.2
  DEFINITIONS

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• Recipients of federal funds are required to
  adhere to federal laws regarding employment or
  services to people with disabilities.
• Records pertaining to an individuals disability
  must be kept confidential.
• Vendors, contractors, training or service
  providers must also adhere to these federal and
  state laws in recruitment, selection, or hiring.

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U.S Department of Health and Human Services
(DHHS), Administration for Children and Families
(ACF) June 1995

• Only recently has there been an understanding
  that the presence of undiagnosed learning
  disabilities in a high percentage of low-income
  people greatly impedes governmental efforts to
  effectively provide a wide range of services
  aimed at alleviating poverty in this population.

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Percent of Total U.S. Population on Welfare, 1960
- 1999
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National TANF Data - Dept. of Health Human
Service 2002

• 90 Female
• 60 One Adult Recipient
• Average non-TANF Wage/Month 580
• Reason for Moving Off Welfare
• 19.7 Employment
• 22.2 failure to cooperate
• 12.1 State Policy
• 6.5 Sanction
• 39.5 other reasons

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THE LEARNING DISABLED IN EMPLOYMENT AND
TRAINING PROGRAMS ISSUED BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT
OF LABOR - 1991

• REPORTS STATE THAT
• 50-80 OF ADULTS WITH LOW READING SKILLS (BELOW
  5-7th GRADE LEVEL) MAY HAVE A LEARNING DISABILITY
• 15-23 IN FEDERALLY FUNDED JOB TRAINING PROGRAMS
  MAY HAVE A LEARNING DISABILITY, AND
• 25 TO 40 PERCENT ON WELFARE MAY HAVE LEARNING
  DISABILITIES.

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Findings of Pilot Efforts Regarding Learning
Disabilities and Welfare Populations

• Washington State (1994-1997)
• Department of Social and Health Services -
  three sites
• 48 LD
• 5 Mild Mental Retardation
• Kansas (1995-1997)
• Department of Social and Rehab Services -
  three sites
• 30 LD
• 10 Mild Mental Retardation
• Virginia - (1998-2000)
• Department of Social Services - nine
  sites
• 61 LD
• 10 Functional disabilities

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THE THREE USES OF THE TERM
LD
LD - Learning Differences
LD - Learning Difficulties
LD - Learning Disabilities
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Who Is Covered By Civil Rights Laws?

• THERE IS NO CIVIL RIGHTS PROTECTION FOR HAVING A
  LEARNING DIFFERENCE.
• THERE IS NO CIVIL RIGHTS PROTECTION FOR HAVE
  LEARNING DIFFICULTIES
• THERE IS CIVIL RIGHTS PROTECTION FOR HAVING A
  DISABILITY - INCLUDING LEARNING DISABILITIES.

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Laws on Disability
Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Sections 503 and 504
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)
Florida Civil Rights Act of 1992
Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA)
Florida ADA Implementation Act (Also called the
Florida Accessibility Act)
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Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as
amended

• Prohibited basis/bases of discrimination

Applicability

• disability

• employment

• service delivery

Applicable to programs or activities receiving
federal financial assistance
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Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as
amended

• Prohibited basis/bases of discrimination

Applicability

• disability

• employment

• public services and transportation

• telecommunications services

• public accommodations

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Florida Civil Rights Act of 1992

• Prohibited basis/bases of discrimination

Applicability

• race

• color

• employment

• religion

• sex

• national origin

• age

• handicap

• marital status

Note 110.105(2), Florida Statutes, prohibits
discrimination on the basis of political
affiliation with regard to employees of state
government.
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Workforce Investment Act of 1998

• Prohibited basis/bases of discrimination

• Applicability

• race

• color

• religion

• employment

• sex

• service delivery

• national origin

• age

• disability

• political affiliation or belief

• citizenship

or status as a lawfully
admitted immigrant authorized to work in the
United States
citizenship / immigrant status and participation
apply only to program beneficiaries

• participation in any WIA Title I-financially
  assisted program or activity

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A Guide for Funding Services for Children and
Families through the TANF Program
States should start with the assumption that
they may use these funds in innovative ways to
achieve the critical goals laid out in the TANF
statute. (page 3) Arrange for the States
vocational rehabilitation agency or similar
provider to provide assessment, evaluation,
assistive, technology and equipment, and
vocational rehabilitation services to needy
individuals who have physical or mental
disabilities, but would not otherwise receive
services. (page 17)
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Childrens Defense Fund, Wasting Americas
Future 1994

• Living in poverty increases the likelihood of
  children having a learning disability by 30.
  (Sherman, 1995, p79).
• 65.4 of households with a student with a
  specific learning disability have an annual
  income of less than 25,000.
  Martha Coutinho, Secondary Education Beyond,
  (LDA, 1995)

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Some Known Causes

• Genetic defects
• Endocrine gland dysfunction
• Pre-natal malnutrition
• Maternal substance abuse
• Birth trauma
• Diet
• Chronic illness (ear infections, etc.)
• Early childhood high fevers
• Lead poisoning
• Oxygen deprivation
• Accidents
• Toxins
• US Dept of Labor -1991

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Reasonable Accommodations

• In Federal law "reasonable accommodations," is
  defined as
• modifications or adjustments . . . that enable
  a qualified individual with disability to perform
  essential functions (of a job or activity).
• ADA regulation. Section 1630.2(o)
• A qualified individual is
• an individual with a disability who
• . . . with or without reasonable accommodations,
  can perform the essential functions (of the
  activity).
• ADA regulation Section 1630.2(m)

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TYPES OF LEARNING DISABILITIES

• ACADEMIC DIFFICULTIES
• DYSLEXIA - INABILITY OR REDUCED ABILITY TO READ
• DYSCALCULIA - INABILITY OR REDUCED ABILITY TO DO
  MATH
• DYSGRAPHIA - INABILITY OR REDUUCED ABILITY TO
  WRITE

(From Steps to Independent Living by Dale Brown
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TYPES OF LEARNING DISABILITIES

• AUDITORY PERCEPTUAL PROBLEMS
• AUDITORY DISCRIMINATION PROBLEMS
• No Difference Between "Th" And "F", "M" And N
• AUDITORY FIGURE-GROUND PROBLEM
• Hearing Over Background Noise
• AUDITORY SEQUENCING PROBLEM
• Hearing 49, Instead Of 94
• Or "Treats Instead Of "Street

(From Steps to Independent Living by Dale Brown
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TYPES OF LEARNING DISABILITIES

• CATASTROPHIC RESPONSE
• - INVOLUNTARY REACTION TO TOO MANY
• SIGHTS, SOUNDS OR EXTREME
• EMOTIONS OR OTHER STRONG STIMULI
• DIRECTIONAL PROBLEM
• - TROUBLE TELLING LEFT FROM RIGHT
• MEMORY PROBLEM, SHORT TERM
• - TROUBLE REMEMBERING NAMES, NUMBERS, SPECIFIC
  FACTS, WHAT HAPPENED A FEW MINUTES
  AGO.

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TYPES OF LEARNING DISABILITIES

• TACTILE PERCEPTUAL PROBLEM
• IMMATURE TACTILE SYSTEM
• - Problems With Soft Touching
• TACTILE DEFENSIVENESS
• - Avoiding Being Touched
• TACTILE DISCRIMINATION PROBLEM
• - Problems Determining Differences in Similar
  Objects

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TYPES OF LEARNING DISABILITIES

• VISUAL PERCEPTUAL PROBLEM
• VISUAL FIGURE-GROUND PROBLEM
• - Trouble Seeing A Specific Image
• VISUAL SEQUENCING PROBLEM
• - TROUBLE SEEING THINGS IN ORDER
• VISUAL DISCRIMINATION PROBLEM - TROUBLE SEEING
  THE DIFFERENCE
• BETWEEN SIMILAR OBJECTS (V AND U)

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CONTINUUM OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS POSSIBLE
WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES - From Dr. Larry
Silver

• LANGUAGE DISABILITY
• MOTOR DISABILITY
• ATTENTION DEFICIT
• /HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
• CHRONIC-MOTOR/TIC
• DISORDER/TOURETTES
• OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDR
• COMPULSIVE DISORDER

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COMORBID PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS- From Dr.
Larry Silver

• INTERNALIZED
• ANXIETY
• DEPRESSION
• EXTERNALIZED
• OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT/CONDUCT DISORDER
• BORDERLINE PERSONALITY
• DISORDER
• SUBSTANCE ABUSE
• ALCOHOL
• DRUGS

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Estimated Rates of Adults with LD Documentation

• While schools are identifying about 5 with LD,
• While the estimates run as high as 15-20 of
  adults with LD
• While adult education and literacy programs have
  estimated ranges of 30-70 LD.
• IT IS ESTMIATED THAT LESS THAN 1 OF ADULTS WITH
  LD HAVE PROPER DOCUMENTATION.

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The 4 Rs for Adults with Learning
Disabilities

• RECOGNITION - Until a person is recognized as a
  person with a disability, they are just a person
  failing for no apparent reason.
• REMEDIATION- Addressing the literacy, work and
  social competency needs of persons with
  disabilities require specific approaches.
• REHABILITATION - Goodness of Fit should be a
  cornerstone of job training.
• REASONABLE ACCOMMODATION - Workplace and
  educational accommodations will be needed,
  regardless of other interventions.

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Consumer Empowerment

• There needs to be a weaving of consumer
  empowerment throughout the whole process.
• The consumer should be informed about and
  participates in the process.
• The consumer needs information to make informed
  decisions.
• The consumer needs to understand screening,
  testing, rights, and appropriate employment
  options with the use of accommodations.

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On-going support

• on-going support for the person with LD once they
  are in the employment setting.
• to be able to keep their current position
• to prepare for movement into the next (higher
  paying) position.

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On-going supports, cont.

• On-going supports should include
• training in the use of accommodations and
  assistive technology
• job coaching
• mentoring
• literacy skill development
• on-the-job personal relationship training.

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Job Accommodation Network
Helping employees with disabilitiesand managers
achievean adaptive and welcomingPublic Service
work environment
The Job Accommodation Network (JAN) is not a job
placement service, but an international toll-free
consulting service that provides information
about job accommodations and the employability of
people with disabilities. JAN also provides
information regarding the Americans with
Disabilities Act (ADA). Please take a few moments
to surf around and find out about our free
services. Click on "Points of Interest" for our
table of contents.
http//www.jan.wvu.edu
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www.ldonline.org
Heres a sampling of assistive technology
resources useful to students and adults with
learning disabilities

• Keyboard Alternatives
• Keyboard/Mouse Interface Software
• Portable Word Processing Alternatives
• Word Prediction Software

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• Text-To_Speech
• Screen Reading Software
• Optical Character Recognition Software
• Writing/Composing Software
• Spelling Checkers, Dictionaries,
• Thesauruses
• Assistive Technology Information Sites
• Speech Recognition
• Data Organization
• Books on Disc/Tape
• Variable Speech Control
• Listening Aides
• Talking Calculators

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Accommodating Adults with Disabilities in
Adult Education Programs
ACCOMMODATIONS
University of Kansas Institute for Adult Services
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FOR INFORMATION or to FILE A COMPLAINT,
CONTACT Office for Civil Rights Agency for
Workforce Innovation 107 E. Madison Tallahassee,
Florida 32399-4129 Phone [phone] FAX
850-921-5080E-Mail civil.rights._at_awi.state.fl.us
TTY - FLORIDA RELAY SERVICE (FRS)
1-800-955-8771 TTY IN SPANISH (FRS)
1-877-955-8773TTY IN FRENCH CREOLE (FRS)
1-877-955-8707
Call to get information about employee
rights employer responsibilities reasonable
accommodations other available ADA assistance
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