Tissues

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Tissues Chapter 5
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Connective Tissues -Found throughout the body
-Most abundant type of
tissue by weight -Binds together,
provides support
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-It fills spaces, stores fat, produces blood
cells -Helps repair tissue and fights infection
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• Major Types of Cells in Connective Tissue
• Resident Cells
• -Usually present in stable numbers

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2 Ex. of resident cells Fibro Blasts-most
common, produce fibers that help make connective
tissue
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Mast Cells -Usually located near blood vessels
-Not truly understood
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-Help prevent blood clotting -Release histamine,
promotes reactions associated with inflammation
allergies
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2) Wandering Cells Usually appear temporarily in
tissues normally in response to an injury or
infection
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Macrophage -Can be either resident or wandering
cells
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Connective Tissue Fibers 3 Types of fibers
produced by fibroblasts
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• Collagenous
• -Thick threadlike parts composed of the protein
  collagen
• When abundant is called Dense Connective Tissue

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-Grouped in long parallel bundles -Flexible but
only slightly elastic -Have great tensile
strength
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(capable of resisting considerable pulling
force) -Important part of tendons (connect
muscle to bone)
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2) Elastic -Branched
network formed from the protein Elastin
-Common in parts that are
stretched and can return to original shape/length
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-Common in parts that are stretched (vocal
cords)
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3) Reticular -Composed of collagen -Support a
variety of tissue
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Loose Connective Tissue -Forms delicate, thin
membrane throughout the body
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-Cells of this tissue are mostly
fibroblasts -Binds the skin to underlying organs
and fills spaces between muscles
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Adipose Tissue -A.K.A. fat -Specialized form of
loose connective tissue -Stores fat droplets
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-Found beneath the skin and between
muscles -Around kidneys, eyes, heart, joints
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-Protective cushion for joints organs
-Insulator
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Fibrous Connective Tissue -Contains many closely
packed, thick collagenous and elastic fibers
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-Relatively few cells -Binds body parts together
tendonsmuscle to bone, ligamentsbone to bone
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-Blood supply is low slow to repair
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Cartilage -Very rigid connective tissue
-Supports parts, provides
framework and attachments for underlying tissues
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Cartilage Cells Chondrocytes 3 Types of
Cartilage
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1. Hyaline -Most common
   -Looks milky white -Occurs at
   the ends of bones
   -Found in many joints and soft part of nose

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2) Elastic -Very flexible -Provides framework for
external ears and larynx
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3) Fibrocartilage -Tough tissue -Contains a lot
of collagen -Serves as shock absorber (back,
knees, hips, ankles)
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Bone -Rigid connective tissue -Hardness due to
the pressure of mineral salts
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-Contains great amount of collagen in its
fibers -Provides internal support for
body -Serves as attachments for muscles
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-Function in forming blood cells -Bone cells
osteocytes (arranged in connective circles)
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Other Connective Tissues Blood-vascular
tissue -Transports nutrients and a variety of
substances between body cells and the external
environment
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-Blood is composed of cells that are suspended in
a fluid called blood plasma (ex. red blood cells
RBCs, white blood cells WBCs, platelets)
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-Helps to maintain a stable internal
environment -Most blood cells are formed in red
marrow of certain hollow bones
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Muscle Tissue -Its Contractile (muscle fibers
change shape by becoming shorter and thicker)
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-As they contract, they pull their attachment
ends and cause the body part to move
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• 3 Types of Muscle Tissue
• Skeletal
• -They have striations
• -Found in muscles that are attached to bones

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-Can be controlled by conscious effort
(voluntary) -Responsible for moving head, trunk,
and limbs
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2) Smooth -Lack striations -Found in
walls of hollow organs (stomach, intestines,
urinary bladder, uterus, blood vessels)
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-Cant be controlled (involuntary) 3)
Cardiac -Cells are striated, jointed end to
end -Only found in heart
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-Involuntary Nervous Tissue -Found in the brain,
spinal cord, and peripheral nerves -Nerve cells
Neurons
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Neurons are sensitive to changes and respond by
transmitting nerve impulses along nerve fibers
(muscles or glands)
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-Nerve cells are the longest cells in the
body -Neuroglial Cells-Along with neurons support
and bind the components of nervous tissue together