The Industrial

1
QUIT
The Industrial Revolution, 17001900
Chapter Overview
Time Line
The Beginnings of Industrialization
1
SECTION
Patterns of Change Industrialization
2
SECTION
MAP
Industrialization Spreads
3
SECTION
An Age of Reforms
4
SECTION
GRAPH
Visual Summary
2
HOME
The Industrial Revolution, 17001900
During the 1800s, Britain, the United States, and
some European countries undergo a rapid process
of industrialization. The Industrial Revolution
creates great wealth but also great social and
economic inequality, prompting a backlash of
reform.
3
HOME
The Industrial Revolution, 17001900
Time Line
1701 Jethro Tull invents seed drill.
1793 Eli Whitney invents cotton gin.
1875 British unions win right to strike.
1825 First railroad line built in England.
1765 James Watt builds steam engine.
1807 Robert Fulton launches first steamboat.
1848 Marx and Engels publish Communist Manifesto.
4
HOME
The Beginnings of Industrialization
Key Idea
In Britain, changes in agriculture lay the
foundations for the Industrial Revolution. Other
factorsincluding ample resources, an expanding
economy, and political stabilityprovide the
conditions for the rapid growth of industry.
Overview
Assessment
5
HOME
The Beginnings of Industrialization
Overview
Industrial Revolution enclosure crop
rotation industrialization factors of
production factory entrepreneur
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The Industrial Revolution started in England and
soon spread elsewhere.
The changes that began in Britain paved the way
for modern industrial societies.
Assessment
6
HOME
The Beginnings of Industrialization
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List four natural resources needed for
industrialization and how each resource is used.
Fuel new machines
Construct new machines, tools, buildings
Iron ore
Rivers
Inland transportation
Docking stations for merchant ships
Good harbors
continued . . .
7
HOME
The Beginnings of Industrialization
1
Section
Assessment
2. What effect did entrepreneurs have upon the
Industrial Revolution? THINK ABOUT
new technological developments
business opportunities
increase in prosperity
ANSWER
Entrepreneurs helped to promote the Industrial
Revolution, because they were willing to risk
their capital by investing it in new inventions
and enterprises.
Possible Response
End of Section 1
8
HOME
Industrialization
CASE STUDY Manchester
MAP
Key Idea
Industrialization transforms British society
cities grow, work patterns change, and a middle
class emerges. The city of Manchester becomes a
notable example of the benefits and drawbacks of
the new industrial age.
Overview
Assessment
9
HOME
Industrialization
2
CASE STUDY Manchester
MAP
Overview
urbanization middle class
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The factory system changed the way people lived
and worked, introducing a variety of problems.
The difficult process of industrialization is
being repeated in many less-developed countries
today.
Assessment
10
HOME
Industrialization
CASE STUDY Manchester
MAP
2
Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List the social classes in industrial
England, and list the types of laborers and
professionals included in each group.
Landowners, aristocrats
Factory owners, merchants, government employees,
doctors, lawyers, managers
Factory overseers, skilled workers
Workers in factories, mines
continued . . .
11
HOME
Industrialization
CASE STUDY Manchester
MAP
2
Section
Assessment
2. How did industrialization contribute to city
growth? THINK ABOUT
growth of industry
creation of jobs
the economic advantages of centralization
ANSWER
Industrialization promoted the growth of cities
because the factory system led to manufacturing
goods in a central location, and this, in turn,
created jobs and economic opportunity.
Possible Response
continued . . .
12
HOME
Industrialization
CASE STUDY Manchester
MAP
2
Section
Assessment
3.  How might a factory owner have justified the
harsh conditions in his factory? THINK ABOUT
class distinctions
the spread of factories
financial gains
ANSWER
The factory owner might have believed that
without jobs many of his workers would starve
that hard work is better than no work all
factories had the same conditions, so his were no
worse that if he were making money, that was all
that mattered.
Possible Responses
End of Section 2
13
HOME
Industrialization Spreads
Key Idea
Industrial technologies travel from Britain to
America, causing an industrial boom in the United
States. Industrialization also spreads to
continental Europe and contributes to the rise of
imperialism.
Overview
Assessment
14
HOME
Industrialization Spreads
Overview
corporation
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The industrialization that began in Great Britain
spread to other parts of the world.
The Industrial Revolution set the stage for the
growth of modern cities.
Assessment
15
HOME
Industrialization Spreads
3
Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Give three examples of the effects of
industrialization on the world.
Widened gap between industrialized and
non-industrialized countries
Strengthened economic ties between countries
Promoted colonization
continued . . .
16
HOME
Industrialization Spreads
3
Section
Assessment
2. Reread the quote by Lucy Larcom. Do you think
her feelings about working in the mill are
typical? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT
her experiences in a mill
her possible bias
ANSWER

• Yes She seems to be speaking as a young woman
  from New England who chose to work in the mill
  and was pleased with the experience.
• No Since she recorded her thoughts and
  experiences in a memoir or journal, she may have
  been more independent than most young women.

Possible Responses
End of Section 3
17
HOME
An Age of Reforms
GRAPH
Key Idea
Industrialization provokes positive and negative
reactions in society. Some philosophers extol the
virtues of free market capitalism, while others
promote socialism, unionization, and a variety of
reform movements designed to blunt the harsh
effects of industrialism.
Overview
Assessment
18
HOME
An Age of Reforms
GRAPH
Overview
laissez faire Adam Smith capitalism
utilitarianism socialism Karl Marx
communism union collective bargaining
strike
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The Industrial Revolution led to economic,
social, and political reforms.
Many modern social welfare programs developed
during this period.
Assessment
19
HOME
An Age of Reforms
GRAPH
4
Section
Assessment

• 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
  thoughts.
• Compare and contrast capitalism and Marxism.

Both
Supported individual freedom opposed government
intervention guided by profit motive individual
ownership of private property
Economic arrangements central to society
Factors of production owned by people
governmental control of factories, mines
predicted proletariat revolution
continued . . .
20
HOME
An Age of Reforms
GRAPH
4
Section
Assessment
2. What were the main problems faced by the
unions during the 1800s? How did the unions
overcome these problems? THINK ABOUT
government restrictions
labor reforms
skilled workers vs. unskilled workers
ANSWER

• Workers were denied the right to form unions
  unions and strikes outlawed unskilled workers
  did not have much bargaining power.
• Unions fought back by getting their members to
  refuse to work unions got Parliament to repeal
  the Combination Acts.

Possible Responses
continued . . .
21
HOME
An Age of Reforms
GRAPH
4
Section
Assessment
3.  According to Marx and Engels, economic forces
alone dominate society. How important do you
think such forces are? THINK ABOUT
other forces, like ethnic loyalties, desire for
democracy
causes of the Industrial Revolution
the class structure
ANSWER

• Economic forces dominate all areas of society.
• Certain events are better explained by idealism
  and desire for freedom.

Possible Responses
End of Section 4