INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE

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INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE

• THE IMPORTANCE OF NEWCOMEN DISCOVERIES ON COAL
  MINING

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PLAN

• Problematic
• First discoveries on the 17th century
• Newcomens personal history
• Newcomens steam engine
• Opening on other discoveries later
• Survey on Ventron textile museum
• Conclusion

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PROBLEMATIC

• How to move large quantities of water from deep
  coal mines?
• Context
• 18th century rapid development of Britain
  industry and coal-mining
• Problem water flowing into the mines as miners
  went deeper was a major problem.

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FIRST DISCOVERIES

• Discovery that
• earths atmosphere
• exerts a pressure
• determination of that
• pressure
• Papins experiments

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• Thomas Savery
•  Raising water by
• the impellant force
• of fire 

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NEWCOMENS LIFE

• Born in 1663 in Darmouth (Devon)
• An humble position  ironmonger  and
  blacksmith of Darmouth
• His trade with metal mines
• His experiments on Saverymachine The patent
  with John Calley
• 1708 The patent in combination with Savery
• Died in 1729 the denigration of scientifics
  academics

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THE ATMOSPHERIC STEAM ENGINE
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THE HISTORY

• Major breakthrough inject cold water directly
  into the engine
• First recorded Newcomen engine coal pit near
  Dudley Castle in Staffordshire in 1712
• Cylinder diameter 21 inches (533 mm)
• Distance 51 yards (46.6 metres)
• Rate 120 gallons per min (546 litres)

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THE PROCESS
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• Water is boiled continuously to produce steam. 
• The rising piston creates a vacuum in the
  cylinder. Water flows up the suction pipe because
  of atmospheric pressure and fills the cylinder.
• The pressure is insufficient to lift the piston
  on its own -- the weight of the pump rod does
  most of the work.

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• At the top of the stroke the steam valve is
  closed and a water jet is briefly turned on,
  cooling the steam in the cylinder.

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• The cool steam contracts, sucking the piston
  downward. 
• ...Or stated another way the higher
  atmospheric pressure drives the piston downward,
  hence the name atmospheric engine. 
• At the end of the stroke, the cooling water is
  drained from the cylinder by an extra passage not
  illustrated here.

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• During the upward stroke,
• an auxiliary pump fills the cooling water
  reservoir.

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THE SUCCESS

• protect the engine under Saverys patent
• First self-operating machine
• Dominate mine pumping for nearly 2 centuries
• By 1800 1800 engines were built
• 20th century a few were still working

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ADVANTAGES DRAWBACKS
Built using technology of the time Provide a water supply to big cities Easy to operate (at the beginning manually operated valves after valve gear) Steam pressure needed was very low Replace a team of 500 horses Lack of efficiency (1) Needed a lot of people 1 for valves some for fire High fuel consumption and inefficient boilers 1 foot of water (305mm) for the consumption of a bushel of coal (38kg) Low rate of condensation of steam Problem of discontinuity on the movement after some working cycles, machines stopped. risk of a boiler explosion
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OPENING ON WATT INNOVATION

• On years 1760s Watt had to repair a Newcomens
  model
• Problem lay in the cyclic heating and cooling of
  the cylinder separate condenser
• Put double-action machines in place of
  single-action ones as Newcomen steam engine
• continuity of the movement

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SURVEY ON VENTRON TEXTILE MUSEUM
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PROBLEMATIC

• How to supply textile factories with energy?
• Context
• 20th century development of the electricity
• Problem cost of electricity in off-peak hours

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PRESENTATION OF THE MUSEUM

• Building of the first textile factories category
• Relate the history of thread and textile
  production
• 4 floors
• - driving force of textile industry
• - spinning of the cotton
• - industrial weaving
• - work of the flax

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THE WATT ENGINE

• Built in 1903 by  Société Anonyme de Mécanique
  Industrielle dAnzin 
• Power 30 horses
• Weight 5 thunders
• Diameter 4 meters

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BOILER

• Built in 1902
• Maximum pressure
• 12 kg
• Dimensions
• 8x(2x3.2)
• Composed of
• 2 boilers

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CENTRIFUGAL GOVERNOR

• If the engine gained
• excessive speed,
• centrifugal force
• drove the balls and
• the balls the steam
• valve.
• The engine then slowed.

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MANOMETER

• measure steam pressure
• within the engine
• connected to
• the position
• of the piston
• at the beginning
• a pencil traced the
• Indicator Diagram

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CONDENSER

• divert the spent steam
• out of the cylinder
• and into a separate
• chamber, called a
• condenser,
• where it was cooled.
• Machine more efficient

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CRANKSHAFT

• part of an engine
• which translates
• reciprocating linear
• piston motion
• into rotation

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TRANSMISSION
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SPINNING PROCESS
Card
Bale cleaner
Comber
Spinning spool
Spinning machine
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CONCLUSION

• Importance of Newcomens discoveries and
  achievements
• Improvement of our knowledge on visiting Ventron
  museum
• Our feelings about this visit