Huisstijltemplate voor overhead-sheets (prints)

1
Anaerobic Digestion in Bioenergy Chains The
potential of the sugarcane industry in Colombia
C.P Pabón Pereira 1, J.B. van Lier 1, M.A.
Slingerland 2, W. Sanders 1, R. Rabbinge 2 1
Wageningen University. Department of
Agrotechnology and Food Sciences. Sub-department
of Environmental Technology. 2 Wageningen
University. Sustainable Development and Systems
Innovation Group.
Anaerobic Digestion plays a potential central
role in different biomass conversion chains.
Methane, nutrients, and digestate add to
environmental and economical sustainability of
the entire chain.
AD potential of sugarcane by-products in Colombia
Importance of Sugarcane for Colombia

• Sugarcane currently occupies 9 of the total area
  cultivated in Colombia (412.600 ha), its
  destination being the production of sugar and
  panela (traditional unrefined whole sugar).
  Bioethanol is a new product gaining importance.
• Sugar Annual production of 2 million tons of raw
  sugar on 169,000 has which corresponds to a
  share of 5.3 in the value of agricultural
  production.
• Panela Responsible for 4.1 in the value of
  agricultural production is more important in
  terms of area cultivated (244.000 has in 2002)
  and employment (Second largest provider of rural
  employment in Colombia after coffee).
• Bioethanol From 2005 onwards about 46 of the
  gasoline sold in Colombia should be oxygenated.
  About 750 million liters of bioethanol per year
  are required meaning 103.000 has sugarcane
  cultivated additionally (Cardenas Gutierrez 2004)
  and 9 to 12 ethanol distillation plants with
  capacities in the range of 150-300 tons per day
  (Gonzalez 2004).

Trash
Trash
Sugar cane
Sugar cane
Bioethanol
Bioethanol
Sugar
Sugar industry
Bioethanol
Sugar
Sugar industry
Bioethanol
Building
Building
Vinasses
Feed
Bagasse
Scums
Vinasses
Feed
Bagasse
Scums
Animal ind.
Animal ind.
materials
materials
Molasses
Molasses
Paper
Other industries
Paper
Other industries
High value
High value
chemicals
chemicals
Anaerobic Digestion
Manure
Anaerobic Digestion
Manure
Biogas
Fertilizer/ Soil
Fiber
Biogas
Fertilizer/ Soil
Fiber
conditioner
conditioner
Back into the system
Back into the system
Electricity / Biogas
Figure 1. Different possible cascade
configurations for sugarcane benefiiting from AD
Table 1 Estimation of the amount on residues
produced by sugarcane transformation industries
in Colombia a.Observatorio Agrocadenas de
Colombia 2004 (Data for 2002) b. Estimations
based on the area required to fulfill the demand
considering the incentive given by Law (Cardenas
Gutierrez 2004) c. Estimations based on De
Carvalho Macedo et al. (2001)d. Estimations
based on Van Haandel (2004) and Baudel et al.
(2004) e. Estimations based on El Bassam
(1998)f. Estimations based on Van Haandel
(2004).N.D. Not determined
Conclusions and recommendations

• AD of sugarcane residues in Colombia could
  generate approx 1140 MW. This without considering
  further reclamation of energy from the combustion
  of the dried digestate and the potential energy
  generation from trash and molasses from panela.
• Bagasse residues are currently employed in
  combustion, therefore the benefits of AD have to
  be analyzed against this technology.
• Implementation of AD for the case of bioethanol
  refineries shows to be an interesting
  alternative. Expected vinasses alone can produce
  approximately the same amount of energy as the
  bagasse of the three industries together plus a
  major environmental problem is avoided.
• If the whole plant was to be digested, 1900 MW
  could be theoretically produced plus the energy
  generated by CHP of digested dry material.

Final Product Total Area Cultivated Trash Bagasse Vinasses Cachaza -Molasses
Final Product (has) (Ton DM/yr) (Ton DM/yr) (Ton/yr) (Ton/yr)
Panela 243.700a 3.411.800 c 3.289.950 d N.D 0
Sugar 168.900a 3.688.776 c 3.557.034 d 0 1.053.936 e
Ethanol 103.000b 1.442.000 c 1.802.500 d 9.000.000 f 0
TOTAL 516.600 8.542.576 8.649.484 9.000.000 1.053.936
Table 2 Estimation of the potential of anaerobic
digestion to transform Colombian sugarcane
residues into bioenergy Estimations for bagasse
and vinasses yields based on Van Haandel (2004)
Bagasse 125 kgCH4/ ton DM at 50 COD conversion
and vinasses 100 Kg CH4/m3 ethanol Estimation
for molasses based on assumptions based on
figures compiled by Wilkie et al (2000) Average
conversion of molasses 70 gCOD /l molasses and
65 COD conversion efficiency (60 methane
content in biogas). N.D. Not determined
Final product Bagasse Bagasse Vinasses Vinasses Molasses Molasses
Final product Methane (KTon CH4/yr) Energy yield (MW) Methane (KTon CH4/yr) Energy yield (MW) Methane (KTon CH4/yr) Energy yield (MW)
Panela 411 235 0 0 N.D N.D
Sugar 445 254 0 0 29 16
Ethanol 225 129 900 514 0 0
TOTAL 1.081 617 900 514 29 16

• References
• Baudel, H., Zaror, C., and Abreu, C. (2004).
  Industrial Crops and Products, Article in Press.
• Cardenas Gutierrez, J. (2004)."I Seminario
  Internacional de alcoholes carburantes, Medellin,
  Colombia.
• De Carvalho Macedo, I., Lima Verde Leal, M., and
  Hassuani, S. J. (2001). Energy for Sustainable
  Development, 77-82.
• El Bassam, N. (1998). Energy plant species. James
  James(Science Publishers) Ltd, London UK.
• Gonzalez, M. A. (2004). TU WIEN, IPSE and
  Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
• Martinez, H., and Acevedo, X. (2002). Colombia
  Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural.
• Pandey, A., Soccol, C., Nigam, P., and Soccol, V.
  (2000). Bioresource technology, 74, 69-80.
• Roldan, D., and Salazar, M. (2002). Colombia
  Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural.
• van Haandel, A. C.(2005). War. Sci. Technol. 52
  (1-2) 49-57.
• Woodard, K. R., Prine, G. M., Bates, D. B., and
  Chynoweth, D. P.Bioresource Technology, 36, 
  253-259, 1991.

1 Claudia Patricia Pabón Pereira
Environmental Technology Dpt. PO Box 8129.
6700 EV Wageningen . The Netherlands Tel
31 317 485762 Fax [phone]
Claudia.Pabon_at_wur.nl