Language

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Language

• Ruta Cepulyte
• PSbns0-01

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Content

• Language
• Grammar
• Phonology
• Syntax
• Semantics
• Language development 4 stages
• Production of language
• Language acquisition 2 approaches to language
  development
• Conclusion

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Language

• The communication of information through symbols
  arranged according to systematic rules.

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Grammar

• The system of rules that determine how our
  thoughts can be expressed.

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Major components of language

• Phonology
• Syntax
• Semantics

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Phonology

• It is the study of the smallest basic units of
  speech, called phonemes, that affect meaning, and
  of the way we use those sounds to form words
  produce meaning.
• Example
• Fat
• Fate

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Syntax

• Ways in which words and phrases can be combined
  to form sentences.
• Example
• John kidnapped the boy
• John, the kidnapped boy
• The boy kidnapped John

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Semantics

• The rules governing the meaning of words and
  sentences.
• Example
• The truck hit Laura
• Laura was hit by truck

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Language development

• Babble meaningless speechlike sounds made by
  children from around the age of 3 months through
  1 year.

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Production of language

• By age 1
• After the age of 1 year
• By age 3
• By age 5

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Production of language (2) By age 1

• By the time children are approximately 1 year
  old, they stop producing sound that are not in
  the language to which they have been exposed. It
  is the short step to the production of actual
  words.

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Production of language (3)After the age of 1 year

• After the age of 1 year, children begin to learn
  more complicated forms of language.

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Production of language (4)Age by 3

• Children learn to make plurals by adding s to
  nouns and to form the past tense by adding ed to
  verbs.

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Production of languageBy age 5

• Children have acquired the basic rules of
  language.
• They do not attain a full vocabulary and the
  ability to comprehend and use subtle grammatical
  rules until later.

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Language acquisition

• Learning-theory
• Innate processes
• (Nativist Approach)

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Learning theory approach (to language
development)

• The theory suggesting that language acquisition
  follows the principles of reinforcement and
  conditioning.

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Nativist approach (to language development)

• The theory that a genetically determined, innate
  mechanism directs language development.

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Conclusion

• To use of language is an important cognitive
  ability, one that is not only indispensable for
  people to communicate with one another, but also
  closely tied to the very way in which people
  think about and understand the world.

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• Language is a tool built for use by humans, just
  as is a pair of scissors. Scissors take the
  manipulating abilities of human hands and use
  them to produce a skill that normally could not
  be done by a human being namely cutting a fairly
  straight line through a piece of paper.

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References

• Robert S. Feldman Understanding Psychology 9th
  edition
• http//www.duke.edu/pk10/language/psych.htm
  2010.11.10
• http//www.google.lt/images?hlltqlanguagepsj1
  um1ieUTF-8sourceogsaNtabwibiw1280bih
  620
• 2010.12.01
• http//www.google.lt/images?um1hlltbiw1280bi
  h620tbsisch3A1sa1qwordsaqfaqiaqloq
  gs_rfai
• 2010.12.01