The World of Islam and the Muslims

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The World of Islam and the Muslims
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Islam Born in Saudi Arabia, by Muhammad

• Principal messagesThere is no god higher than
  AllahMuhammad is the messenger of Allah
• Muhammad was the last of the prophets sent by
  Allah and the keeper of the prophecy.
• Muhammad was Arab, a nomadic people located on
  the Arabian Peninsula who believed (before Islam)
  in multiple gods
• Islam started with the journey of Muhammad and
  his followers to Madinah (Medina)

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The Life of Muhammad

• Son of a merchant family, his parents died when
  he was 5
• He was upset by the gap between the honesty and
  generosity of the poor and the greed of the rich
• Muhammad went to the hills to meditate Muslims
  believe that he received revelations from God
  through the archangel Gabriel
• Muhammad believed that Moses and Jesus were
  prophets also, but that this was the latest and
  most important of the revelations
• These revelations to Muhammad are written in The
  Koran
• Muhammad and his followers, who were being
  persecuted, left Mecca for Medina he converted
  the Bedouins to Islam returned to Mecca with
  10,000 men

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5 Pillars of Islam

• Testimony/Belief There is only one God (Allah)
  Muhammad is his messenger
• Prayer/Salaah, 5 times a day
• Charity/Zakaah Must give part of your wealth to
  the poor
• Fasting/Siyaam Must not eat or drink during
  daylight for the whole month of Ramadan
• Pilgrimage/Hajj Should go to Mecca at least
  once in your life

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Growth of Islam

• After Muhammads death, Abu Bakr was chosen as
  leader of the Muslims established the Umayyad
  empire
• Between 632 and 750 A.D., the Islamic world
  expanded
• In 636, defeated the Byzantines (the Eastern
  Roman Empire) controlled Syria
• In 640, conquered northern Egypt
• In 650, conquered Iraq, Persia (Iran) and all of
  Arabia
• In 661, General Muawiyah was made leader he
  wanted to create a monarchy or dynasty, so that
  his sons and nephews would be the future leaders
• In 700 conquered the Berbers in Northern Africa

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Conflicts within Islam

• In 717, Muslims attacked Constantinople (in
  Turkey), lost they still controlled Northern
  Africa, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Iraq y Persia (Iran)
• In Iraq, Hussein, the second son of Ali (who was
  the son-in-law of Muhammad) started a rebellion
  against the Umayyads
• A rupture was created in the world of Islam,
  between those that supported the descendents of
  Ali as leaders of Islam (known as the Shiite) and
  those that accepted the Umayyads as leaders
  (Sunni)

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Abbasid Dynasty

• Many Muslims believed that the Umayyads were
  corrupt
• In 750, Abu al-Abbas, descendent of Muhammads
  uncle, defeated the Umayyads
• 750-1258 AD Abbasid Dynasty ruled
• New capital of the Islamic world Baghdad the
  city and the dynasty prospered

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Islamic Society

• A great deal of trade/commerce covered markets,
  controlled by state inspectors
• Cities were (and are) very important to the
  development of Islam are cultural, economic and
  political centers Baghdad, Cairo, Damascus,
  Córdoba
• Agriculture Majority of the people are farmers
• Under Islam, everyone is equal in the eyes of
  God, but
• Islamic society does have an upper class of
  businessmen, high officials, and rich families
• Islamic societies had slaves from Africa and
  other countries muslims may not hold other
  muslims as slaves

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Women in the World of Islam

• The Koran says that women have social and
  spiritual equality with men are allowed to own
  property
• Every woman is assigned a defender/custodian
• Fathers or other defenders decide who a woman is
  to marry
• Arab traditions do not treat women equally
• Many women are not allowed to leave their houses
• Women have to cover all of their body, and face
• Men may have no more than 4 wives
• Nevertheless, the position of women in Arab
  societies has improved as a result of Islam

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Islamic Culture

• Knowledge is very important to Muslims
  translated the works of the Greek philosophers
• Experts in mathematics created the Arabic system
  of numbers (the one we use today 1,2,3)
• Paper was introduced from China in 700s A.D
• Islamic philosopy Ibn-Rushd, of Córdoba, Spain
  wrote about Aristotle
• Ibn Sina created an encyclopedia of medicine
• Ibn-Khaldun wrote history he believed that
  civilizations have a cycle of life and death

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Islamic Culture (continued)

• Omar Khayyám Arabian Nights/1001 Nights
• Architecture Minaret The tower of each mosque
  where the leader calls the people to pray
• Alhambra in Granada, España
• BETWEEN 700-1300 AD, ISLAM WAS THE CENTER OF
  INTELECTUAL, ARTISTIC, AND SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY IN
  THE WORLD

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