Title: ?10? ??? Metabolism of Lipids
1?10? ??? Metabolism of Lipids
2??????
- ???????
- ???????
- ???????
- ???????
- ?????
- ????????
31 ???????
-
- ???????(lipids)???????????
- ??????? ( Triglyceride, TG),?????,??
- ????, ??????,??????????.
- ?????????????????????????
- ???,???????????,???????,?
- ????????????????????
-
4- ??????????????????
- ??????????????????????? (Essential
fatty acids)????????(Polyunsaturated Fatty
Acids,PUFA)??????????,???????,????(182),????(183
)??????(204)??????????????,??????????,???????????
?? - ?????????????????????????
52 ???????
- 2.1 ?????( adipokinetic action)
- ?????????????????????????????????????
???????? - ????????????????,?????,????????
????????
62.2 ????? ?????????????,???????????????????
,???????????????????????
??
???????,????????, ?????????
72.3 ???????? Knoop?? ???????????
?????,?????,????????????,?????????????
??
FA??????????ß-???,?????????2C??
??
82.3.1 ????ß-??
- ???????????ß-????,??????????CoA?????
????????CoA, ??????? - ??CoA???????????????????
- ????ß?????????????
9 ???????????(?????,160
)?? (1) ??????????CoA
RCH2CH2CH2COOH HSCoA ATP
RCH2CH2CH2CO-SCoA AMP PPi
??????????CoA???(???),??
?????ATP????2????
10(2) ?????????
L-(CH3)3N- CH2CH(OH)CH2COO-
L-ß-?-?-??????(??,carnitine)
11(3) ?? ?????FADH
(4) ??
H2O
12(5) ??? ?????NADH
(6) ??
????1?ß-??, ??1????CoA????2????? ??CoA,??
???,??,???,?????????,?? ?????????????CoA?
13???ß-??? ?? ?????(??) ??(????) ??-??
-???-??-????(???) ???FADH?NADH?????,
??CoA???????????
14???????????
- ???(160) 8HSCoA 7NAD7FAD7H2O
-
- 8??CoA7NADH27FADH2
-
- 8??CoA 80ATP
- 7NADH2 17.5ATP
- 7FADH2 10.5ATP
-
- ??108-2106ATP(??-2 )
152.3.2 ??????
- ?-???????,C10 ?C11???????????(?-???)??????,???
?????????????,?????????????-??,????????CoA?????TCA
??????????????? - ?-??????????,?????-???????,???-?????-????
?????????????????????????????????,???O2?Fe2??????
???
162.4 ????????? ????????
???CoA??? ???????????? ???CoA???
?????D(-)???L()
172.5 ???????? ?????????????????????.
182.6 ????????
- ??(ketone body)?????????,????????????
???????????,?????( ???ß-???)?ß-??????????????CoA??
??,?????,????????????
????,30
??,??
19????(ketogenesis) ???? ??? ????CoA ???
ß-?-ß-???????CoA(HMGCoA)???(??)
20????(ketolysis) ?????????????????,?????????
?????(??????-???CoA???,?????, ?????????),?????????
?CoA????????????
????
21??????????(ketosis)
- ???????????????,??????,???,???????????
?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
,??????????????????? - ???????,????,???????(???????,???????)
,????????,???????CoA,??????? - ?????,????????,?????????????????????,
?????????,????CoA??, ??????????????????????????,??
????????????,????????,?????,????
223 ???????
- 3.1 ?????
-
- ?????????????????????-3-??
- 3.2 ??????
-
- ???CoA???,???????
- ????CoA???????????,??????????CoA,
??????????????
23(1) ??CoA??????????
(????)
???-?????
??? ???????? ?????? ???????(ATP)
??????? ?????(?NADP??????????) ??????? ???CoA???
??????????CoA,??? NADH???NADPH,??????
24(2) ???CoA (2C)???????CoA (3C)
- ????
-
-
-
-
-
- ????CoA?????????????????????,??????,???????,?
CO2, ??ATP,???????CoA??.
25 ???????????? (??7???????????ACP)
- 1 ??????
- 2 ?????-ACP?????
- 3 ???-ACP???(-SH)
- 4 ???-ACP???
- 5 ???-ACP???
- 6 ???-ACP???
- 7 ???
- 8 ???????ACP(-SH)
ACP ???????CoA??
26???????
???CoA??
?????CoA ??2C??
???CoA-ACP????? ??????CoA-ACP?????
?ß-???-ACP???(???) ?ß-???-ACP??? ?ß-???-ACP???
????-ACP???
27- ????????????
- ????????CoA,??????CoA(3C??)????????(????CO2
),??????2????,????-??-???????,?????????????????,??
????ACP?-SH??,?????????????????????????????CoA?
28 ????????? ??????????NADPH?????,
8?????CoA????????,6??????????
8??CoA 14NADPHH 7ATP H2O
??? 8HSCoA 14NADP 7ATP 7Pi
??? ??????????ß-???????????? ?????????????,??????
????
29 ?????,?????????????7?????ACP?????????????,
???250kD, ???????????? ??????????????????
AT????,MT????????,CE???(ß-???ACP???) KRß-?????
?,DH???,ER??????,TE???
303.3 ?????????
???????
?????????????????,??????4 , ?5 ?8 ,
?9????,????9????????????????????????(181)?????(16
1)
313.4 ????????
- ?????(????)
- ????????,???????, ??????CoA?2C??,
?CoA?????, NADPH??, ?????????????,
????,??C18-C24???? - ???
- ???ß-??????????CoA???,
???CoA?2C??, ?CoA?????, NADPH??, ?????????????,
????,??C24-C26????
323.5 ?????????
?????????????????
?????????TG ??????
33??????????TG ??????
344 ???????
????/????? (????) ?? ??????
???/????? (??)
35??????????????
365 ?????
5.1 ?????
- ????????,????,??????????????,??????????,????
????????????????? - ?????????????????????,???????
- ????????????(????)????(????)?????????
?????? -
37???
???
???????
385.1.1 ??????? (???????????)
????
????
S-??????(SAM)?????????????
?? ????????????????
395.1.2 ???????
40 5.2 ?????????????
???
????
????????
416C
4C
????????
2C
5C
HMGCoA???
27C
30C
15C
42- 70-80?????????,????????????????????
?????,?????CoA?????????????18?????CoA,?????-??????
????????10???NADPH,??ATP????????????????? - HMGCoA??????????,??????????
-
43???????????
- ??????-??????????,?????
- ???????????????????
- ?????????????????,??????
- ??????????????????,????????
- ?,??????????
- ????????? ???????????????
- ?????????????????????????
- ???????????????????????
- ???7-????? ???????????????D3
446 ??????????
- 6.1 ??
- ????,???,??????
- ?????(FFA)
- 6.2 ??????????(lipoprotein)
- ???????????????????????????,???4????FFA-???
???????????????
456.3 ???(lipoprotein)
????
???????
46- 6.4 ????(Apolipoprotein, Apo)
- ??????????????
- ??????a-?????
- ??A?B?C?D?E??,?20???
- ?????????
- ???????????????
- ??????????
476.5 ?????????
- ??(CM)
- ? ?TG,??,???,ApoB48,A-I, A-II, ?????
- ?,???
- ??????????,?????????
- ????????????????????????????
- ???????(VLDL)
- ? ?TG,??,???,ApoB100,ApoE, ?????
- ?,???
- ???????
- ???????????????????????
48- ??????(LDL)
- ? ??????????,ApoB-100,????,?????
- ?????????CM????VLDL????????
- ???????????????????????,?????
- ????
- ??????(HDL)
- ? ??????????,??????,?????
- ?????,??
- ?????????????,??????????????
49????????????????????????? ?????????????????? 1)?
???? 2)????????? 3)????HMGCoA??? 4)?????????????
(LCAT) 5) ??LDL?????
50??
??
????
????
???????
51????