Fun Facts on the Heart

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Fun Facts on the Heart

• System of blood vessels is over 60,000 miles long
  (around the world more than 2x)
• Adult heart pumps about 5 quarts of blood each
  minute (2,000 gallons each day)
• Heart located in the center of your chestbottom
  is tipped to the left so you can feel more on
  your left side
• Beats about 100,000 times each day
• Adult womans heart weighs 8 ounces, mans about
  10
• Blood is 78 water
• Takes about 20 seconds to circulate through
  entire vascular system
• Body has about 5.6 liters of blood
• Aorta is about the diameter of a garden hose
• Capillaries are the size of human hair

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The Circulatory System

• Transports
• Nutrients, Oxygen, Hormones, Heat, wastes

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2 Loops of Circulation

• Pulmonary Circulation
• Heart to the lungs and back again
• Systemic Circulation
• Heart to all other parts of the body and back
  again

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HEART BEAT

• SYSTOLE ventricles contract
• To prevent the flow of blood back into the atria,
  the atrioventricular valves close, creating the
  first sound (lub)
• Ventricles finish contracting, the aortic and
  pulmonary valves close to prevent blood from
  flowing back into the ventricles, creating the
  second sound (dub)
• DIASTOLE ventricles relax and fill with blood
  from the atria

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• Sinoatrial (SA) node specialized heart-muscle
  cells
• AKA Pacemaker
• Spontaneously initiate their own electrical
  impulse and contract both atria
• Bachmans bundles allow both atria to contract
  simulataneously
• Atrioventricular (AV) Node relays impulse to the
  ventricles via Bundle of His
• Ventricles contract a fraction of a second after
  the atria
• Stimulated by myofibers called Purkinje fibers

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Artificial Pacemaker

• Used when hearts dont beat regularly
• Send electrical impulses to heart
• Implanted under the skin
• Pulse generator houses the battery and tiny
  computer
• Leads are wires threaded through veins into heart
  and implanted into cardiac muscle

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Blood Composition

• Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
• transport oxygen
• formed in red marrow
• mature cell does not have a nucleus
• White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
• defend body against diseases,
• formed in red marrow
• travel to nodes or spleen to mature
• Nucleus
• function for many years
• several types, larger
• no definite shape

• Plasma
• Liquid medium
• 90 H2O
• Nutrients, wastes, salts, proteins, antibodies

• Platelets
• Fragments of cells formed in bone marrow
• Blood clot
• No nucleus
• Life span 7-12 days

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• Artery
• Muscular
• Large
• walls have three layers
• very elastic
• oxygenated blood
• high pressure

BLOOD VESSELS

• Arterioles
• Network of smaller arteries

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• Veins
• deoxygenated
• blood
• large
• thin
• not very muscular
• walls composed of
• 3 layers
• low pressure
• valves

• Venules
• larger than capillaries,
• smaller than veins

• Capillaries
• tiny-walls are one cell thick
• all cells have to be about 125µm away from one
• allow diffusion of gases and nutrients

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Plaque Build Up
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Atherosclerosis
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Balloon Angioplasty
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http//www.youtube.com/watch?vLmkO6ZihcQ8
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Coronary Heart Disease

• Coronary arteries become blocked
• Oxygen cant reach the heart cells
• Angina Pectoris chest pain associated with heart
  disease
• Heart attack heart tissue dies

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• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v3Nf6Q2skGOM

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Stroke

• Sudden loss of blood to the brain
• Blockage
• Burst artery

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Aneurysm

• Blood-filled weak spot that balloons out of the
  artery wall

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Cerebral Hemorrhage

• Artery in brain bursts, flooding brain with blood

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Growing organs

• http//www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/anthony_atala_gr
  owing_organs_engineering_tissue.html

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Respiratory System (10 min)

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vJVBYg03rfd8

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The Respiratory System

1. Air enters nasal cavity which lined with cilia to
   trap particles.
2. Moves into the pharynx (throat)
3. Epiglottis (flap of cartilage) is in upright
   position, allows air to move to trachea (pipe
   lined with cilia)
4. Trachea branches into two bronchi which leads to
   a lung
5. Branch even smaller into bronchioles
6. End at tiny air sacs, alveoli
7. Network of capillaries surrounds each alveolus
8. Gas exchange occurs

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Healthy Lungs
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Unhealthy Lungs
Smoking kills some of the air sacks Paralyzes the
cilia that line your lungs Junk builds up in your
lungs
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Inspiration..Expiration

• Chest expands
• Ribs up and out
• Diaphragm moves down

• Chest contracts
• Ribs down and in
• Diaphragm up

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Collapsed Lung

• Condition where the space between the wall of the
  chest cavity and the lung itself fills with air
• Causes a portion of the lung to collapse
• Due to injury of chest wall or hole in the lung

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Asthma

• Bronchioles of the lungs constrict (narrow)
• Sensitivity to certain stimuli
• Air flow is reduced

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Emphysema

• Lungs alveoli lose their elasticity
• Difficult to release air during exhalation
• Forced to use more and more energy
• Fatigue and breathlessness
• Mostly due to smoking

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Lung Cancer

• 30 of all cancer deaths are attributed