How can you go?

1
How can you go?
"FAR"

• Objective - Explain LTA Regulations from
• Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations
• (a/k/a Federal Aviation Regulations FAR)
• Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations
• Part 830 Incident Accident Reporting
• Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM)

2
Updates to the FAR/AIM

• Changes affecting the regulations can take place
  daily
• The AIM Changes every 6 months
• Updates are posted on the ASA website
• http//www.asa2fly.com/farupdate
• Sign up for updates to be emailed to you
• FAA website www.faa.gov to review
• Advisory Circulars (AC)

3
Goals

• Try to make it A Learning Experience
• To keep everyone Engaged for the next 7,200
  seconds
• Review with you the Parts of 14 CFR, AIM, NTSB
  info that relates to you your pilot certificate.

4
Four 14 CFRs for Flying One 49 CFR for things
gone badA Partial Summary of the 470 Pages of
the Regulations - (for Those Who Have Trouble
Falling Asleep!)

• 14 Part 1 General Definitions, Abbreviations,
  Symbols and Rules of Construction
• 14 Part 43 Maintenance Preventative
  Maintenance
• 14 Part 61 Certification - Pilots Instructors
• 14 Part 91 General Operating Flight Rules
• 49 Part 830 Accident Incident Reporting

5
Part 1 Definitions Abbreviations

• 1.1 - General Definitions
• 1.2 - Abbreviations Symbols
• 1.3 - Rules of Construction
• Shall is used in the imperative sense (action).
• May is used in an permissive sense to state
  authority or permission to do the act prescribed.
• Includes means includes but is not limited to.

6
General Definitions

• Administrator
• Aircraft
• Balloon
• Category
• Ceiling
• Class
• Commercial Operator
• Controlled Airspace
• Crewmember

• Flight Time
• Maintenance
• Night
• Operate
• Pilotage
• Pilot in Command
• Preventive Maintenance
• Rating
• Type

7
General Definitions

• AIRCRAFT
• A device that is used or intended to be used
  for flight in the air

8
General Definitions

• BALLOON
• A Lighter-Than-Air aircraft that is not
  engine-driven, and that sustains flight through
  the use of either gas buoyancy or an airborne
  heater.

9
General Definitions

• BALLOON AIRCRAFT
• WHENEVER you read the word aircraft in the text
  of a regulation that regulation applies to
  balloons.

10
Definitions

• With respect to the certification, ratings,
  privileges and limitations of the airman
• Categories are
• airplane, rotorcraft, glider, lighter-than-air
• Class are by similar operating characteristics
• single engine, multiengine, land, water,
  gyroplane, helicopter, airship, free balloon

11
Definitions

• With respect to the certification of aircraft
• Categories are grouped based upon intended use
• transport, normal, utility, acrobatic, limited,
  restricted, provisional
• Class are by similar operating characteristics of
  propulsion, flight, landing
• airplane, rotorcraft, glider, balloon,
  landplane, seaplane

12
Categories of Aircraft / Airman
Aircraft Airman
Category Normal, Transport, Utility, Acrobatic, Limited Restricted, Provisional Airplane, Rotorcraft, Glider, Lighter-than-air
Class airplane, rotorcraft glider, balloon, land plane, seaplane airship, free balloon single engine, multi engine land, water
Type Aerostar RX-8, Cameron C80 Airplanes DC7, DC10
13
Abbreviations

• AGL- Above Ground Level
• ATC- Air Traffic Control
• FAA- Federal Aviation Administration
• IFR- Instrument Flight Rules
• MSL- Mean Sea Level
• VFR- Visual Flight Rules

14
Rules of Construction for 14 CFR

• Shall - Is used in an imperative sense.
• May - Is used in a permissive sense to state
  authority or permissions to do the act
  prescribed.
• Includes - Means included but not limited to.

15
Part 43 Maintenance/ Preventive Maintenance

• Maintenance Inspection, overhaul, repair,
  preservation and the replacement of parts -
  excludes preventive maintenance.
• Preventive Maintenance Simple or minor
  preservation operations and the replacement of
  small parts not involving complex assembly
  operations.

16
14 CFR 43.3 (g) Preventive Maintenance

• The holder of a pilot certificate issued under
  Part 61 may perform preventive maintenance on any
  aircraft owned or operated by that pilot which is
  NOT used under PART 121, 129, or 135 of this
  chapter.

17
14 CFR 43.9 Maintenance Record Entries

• Description of work performed
• Completion date
• Name, signature, certificate number, and type of
  certificate of person approving the work
• i.e. Replaced batteries in flight instruments on
  February 20, 2007. John Doe, Commercial Pilot
  2750055.

18
14 CFR 43.17 Preventive Maintenance

• The owner or operator of an aircraft holds
  primary responsibility for
• Maintaining the aircraft in an airworthy
  condition.
• Having required inspections performed
• Ensures that maintenance personnel make required
  eteries in the aircraft maintenance records
  approved to return to serive.

19
Appendix A to Part 43 (c) Preventive
maintenance

• 7. making of small fabric repairs to envelopes
  not requiring load tape repair or replacement.
• In accordance with balloon manufactures
  instructions
• Refinishing decorative coating of balloon
  baskets.
• Applying preservative or protective material to
  components where no disassembly is involved.
• Repairing decorative furnishings of balloon
  basket interior.

20
More Preventive Maintenance

• Replacing prefabricated fuel lines.
• Replacing and servicing batteries.
• Cleaning of balloon burner pilot light and main
  nozzles .
• In accordance with balloon manufactures
  instructions
• 27. The interchange of balloon baskets and
  burners on envelopes when they are designated as
  interchangeable in balloon type certificate data.

21
Part 61Certification Pilots, Flight Instructors

• A- General
• B- Aircraft Ratings Pilot Authorizations
• C- Students
• E- Private Pilots
• F- Commercial Pilots

22
61.15 Offenses Involving Drugs or Alcohol

• Denial of an application for any certificate
  rating for up to 1 year after the date of a
  conviction for the violation
• Suspension or revocation of a certificate
• Must notify FAA of conviction of the violation
  within 60 days (written report)

23
61.16 Refusal to Submit to Alcohol Test or to
Furnish Results

• Denial of an application for any certificate
  rating for up to 1 year the date of such refusal
• Suspension or revocation of certification

24
61.19 Duration of Certificates

• Student Certificate good up to
• For balloon - 60 calendar after the month of the
  date issued
• Temporary Certificate good up to
• 120 days
• Permanent Certificate good up to
• No specific expiration date

25
61.23(b)(2) Medical Certificates

• You are not required to hold a medical
  certificate for lighter-than-air category airman
  certificate.
• you only have to certify that you have no medical
  defect that would make you unable to pilot a
  glider or balloon.
• If flying outside the U.S., then a 3rd class
  medical is required. (ICAO Rule)
• International Civil Aviation Organization

26
61.25 Change of Name

• To obtain a new airman certificate that reflects
  a legal name change, you must appear at an FAA
  Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) for
  positive identification 
• You must present to an FAA Inspector either a
• Court order, photocopy of marriage license or
  other valid legal document name change
• Current Airman certificate
• Court order, marriage certificate
• Submitted to an FSDO
• 1601 Randolph Rd. SE, [phone] Can it be
  submitted on line? No

27
61.35 Knowledge Test Prerequisites

• Endorsement for the written test
• From authorized instructor
• Ground training
• Home study
• Proper ID
• Photo
• Signature
• Date of birth

28
61.39 61.43Practical Testing Requirements

• Passed knowledge test within 24 months
• Satisfactorily accomplish required training
• Meet age and language requirement
• Have endorsement by authorized instructor
• Have a completed and signed application
• Complete practical test within 60 days after date
  the practical test was discontinued

29
61.49 Retesting After Failure

• Received necessary training from an authorized
  instructor
• Received an endorsement from the same authorized
  instructor that gave the training

30
61.51 Pilot Logbooks

• Training time aeronautical experience
• Includes date, time, description of training or
  aeronautical experiences required for
  certificate, rating, flight review, or recent
  flight experience
• For training, need endorsement by instructor with
  his/her certification number
• Must present required documents to Administrator,
  NTSB, Federal, State or local law enforcement
  officer.

31
61.56 Flight Review

• One hour of flight training
• One hour of ground training
• Above given within 24 months before the month in
  which the pilot acts as Pilot-in-Command
• Flight Rules Part 91
• Review maneuvers and procedures
• Must be given in an aircraft rated for
• Must have proper endorsement in logbook

32
Trivia Question

• Does the satisfactorily completion of one of the
  levels of the FAA sponsored pilot proficiency
  award program (WINGS) qualify for a flight
  review? Yes
• 14 CFR 61.56(e)

33
61.57Recent Flight Experience

• Three takeoffs and landings within preceding 90
  days
• If not current, can not carry passengers
• Must be in the category and class aircraft you
  are flying
• Category Lighter-than-air
• Class Free balloon
• Must be the sole manipulator of the controls of
  the aircraft

34
61.60 Change of Address

• Within 30 days of the change
• Written notification to
• FAA Airman Certificate Branch
• P.O. Box 25082
• Oklahoma City, OK 73125
• Can be submitted on line
• Create account on FAA, Login in, do it

35
Student Pilot

• Eligibility 61.83
• Be at least 14 years of age
• Read, speak, write, and understand the English
  language
• Student Pilot Certificates 61.85
• Obtain from Flight Standards District Office
• Or from Designated Pilot Examiners
• Do you need a student pilot certificate to take
  training? No
• 24 months good for

36
61.87 Solo Requirements

• Written exam from instructor on
• Applicable sections of Parts 61 91
• Airspace rules and procedures for where solo will
  occur
• Flight characteristics and operational
  limitations of aircraft to use on solo flight
• Review all incorrect answers with student prior
  to solo

37
61.87(k) Pre-Solo Requirements

• Operation of hot air source
• Use of deflation valves
• Effects of wind on climb and approaches
• Obstruction detection and avoidance

• Layout and assembly
• Proper flight preparation
• Ascents and descents
• Landing and recovery
• Emergency procedures

38
61.87(n) 61.89 Limitations on Student Pilots

• No solo flight without proper endorsements
• Endorsement on Student Pilot Certificate
• What if your student holds a Private Pilot
  Certificate?
• Make model endorsement from authorized
  instructor
• Endorsement in students logbook
• Endorsement good for 90 days
• PASSENGER CARRYING IS PROHIBITED

39
61.103 Private Pilot Eligibility

• Be at least 16 years of age for Glider or Balloon
• Able to read, speak, write and understand English
• Pass Aeronautical Knowledge (written) Test
• Received a logbook endorsement from an authorized
  instructor for
• Aeronautical knowledge 61.105
• Flight proficiency 61.107(b)(8)
• Aeronautical experience 61.109(h)(1) or (2)

40
61.105 Pvt Pilot Aeronautical Knowledge

• Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations
• Accident reporting requirements of the NTSB
• Use of Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) and
  Advisory Circulars (AC)
• Aeronautical charts and VFR navigation
• Radio communications
• Weather
• Safe and efficient operations of aircraft
• Aeronautical decision making judgment

41
61.107(b)(8) Private Pilot Flight Proficiency

• Preflight preparation
• Preflight procedures
• Airport operations
• Launch and landings
• Performance maneuvers
• Navigation
• Emergency operations
• Post-flight procedures

42
61.109(h)(2)Pvt Pilot Aeronautical Experience

• 10 hours of flight training
• Six training flights
• Two training flights of 1 hr each within the
  preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the
  test
• One solo flight
• At least 1 flight involved a controlled ascent to
  2,000 ft. above launch site

43
61.113Private Pilot Limitations

• Can not carry passengers or property for
  compensation or hire
• No charitable rides unless you have 500 hours and
  do lots of paper work (READ 91.146 (b)(9)) ?!
  ?! ?!
• Event that raises money for the benefit of a
  charitable organization recognized by Dept of
  Transportation.

44
61.123 Commercial Pilot Eligibility

• Be at least 18 years of age
• Able to read, speak, write and understand English
• Pass Aeronautical Knowledge (written) Test
• Received a logbook endorsement from an authorized
  instructor for
• Aeronautical knowledge 61.125
• Flight proficiency 61.127(b)(8)
• Aeronautical experience 61.129(h)

45
61.125 61.127Aeronautical Knowledge Flight
Proficiency

• Basically same as for Private Pilot EXCEPT
  Commercial LTA Pilots must also know
• Fundamentals of Instructing

46
61.129(h) Com Pilot Aeronautical Experience

• At least 35 hours of flight time (some require
  more)
• 20 hours in balloons
• 10 flights
• 2 flights as PIC
• 10 hrs of flight training
• 10 training flights
• 2 training flights of 1 hr within 2 calendar
  months preceding the month of the test
• 2 solo flights
• 1 flight involving a controlled ascent to 3,000
  above the launch site

47
61.133Com Pilot Privileges and Limitations

• May act as PIC carrying persons or property for
  compensation or hire
• Give flight and ground training
• Give endorsements for pilot certification with a
  balloon rating
• Endorse student certificate logbook for solo
  balloon flights
• Give flight reviews, both ground and flight time,
  and do endorsements

48
61.189Flight Instructor Records

• Instructor must sign logbook after giving
  instruction (flight or ground)
• State tasks or elements of lesson accomplished
• Sign name and certificate number
• Instructor must maintain records of instruction
• With name, date, and endorsements given
• (solo, written exam, flight exam)
• Instructors shall retain records for 3 years

49
Part 91General Operation Flight Rules

• A- General Rules
• B- Flight Rules
• C- Equipment, Instrument and
• Certificate Requirements
• E- Maintenance, Preventive
• Maintenance and Alterations
• Note SFAR special Federal Aviation Regulations

50
91.3 Responsibility and Authority of the Pilot
in Command

• Directly responsible for, and is the final
  authority as to, the operation of the aircraft
• In an emergency may deviate from any rule to meet
  that emergency
• A PIC deviates from a rule shall, upon request of
  the Administrator, send a written report of that
  deviation to the Administrator

51
91.7 Aircraft Airworthiness

• No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it
  is in an airworthy condition
• PIC is responsible for determining whether that
  aircraft is in condition for safe flight
• PIC shall discontinue the flight when
  unairworthyconditions occur

52
91. 13 Careless or Reckless Operation

• No person may operate an aircraft in a careless
  or reckless manner so as to endanger the life or
  property of another.
• You cannot afford () to have this on your
  airman record!

53
91. 15 Dropping Objects

• No PIC of a civil aircraft may allow any object
  to be dropped from that aircraft in flight that
  creates a hazard to persons or property.

54
91.17 Alcohol and Drugs

• No person may act or attempt to act as a
  crewmember of a civil aircraft
• Person assigned to perform duty in an aircraft
  during flight time.
• Aircraft moves under own power
• within 8 hrs after consumption of any alcoholic
  beverage
• while under the influence of alcohol
• while using any drug that affect the persons
  faculties in any way contrary to safety
• while having .04 percent by weight or more of
  alcohol in the blood
• Check 91.17 (b) allow person who appears to be
  carried

55
91.21 Portable Electronic Devices

• Cell phones are not prohibited by 14 CFR, but are
  by the FCC

56
91.103 Preflight Action

• Each PIC before beginning a flight shall become
  familiar with all available information
  concerning that flight.
• Weather during flight (even landing)

57
91.111 Formation Flying

• No person may operate an aircraft
• so close to another aircraft as to create a
  collision hazard
• in formation flight except by arrangement with
  the PIC of each aircraft in formation
• carrying passengers for hire in formation flight
• and then, theres FIESTA!

58
91.113 Right-of-Way Rules

• An aircraft in distress has the right-of-way over
  all other air traffic
• Unless the aircraft are of different categories -
  the aircraft to the right has the right-of-way.
  If aircraft are of different categories -
• Balloon has right-of-way over any other category
• Glider has right-of-way over an airship,
  airplane, or rotorcraft
• Airship has right-of-way over airplane or
  rotorcraft
• Aircraft towing or refueling other aircraft has
  right-of-way over all other engine driven
  aircraft
• Aircraft that is being overtaken has the
  right-of-way and the pilot of an overtaking
  aircraft shall alter course to pass well clear of
  the other aircraft

59
Larger Version Is in Student Notebook at end of
slides
60
91.119 Minimum Safe Altitude

• An altitude allowing, if a power unit fails, an
  emergency landing without undue hazard to persons
  or property
• Over congested areas an altitude of 1,000 ft
  above 2,000 ft horizontally from highest
  obstacle
• Over other than congested areas, an altitude of
  500 ft above surface and in sparsely populated
  area, not closer than 500 feet from any person,
  structure, or vehicle

61
91.123 ATC Instructions

• When ATC clearance has been obtained no PIC may
  deviate unless
• Amended clearance is obtained
• Emergency
• Collision avoidance

62
91.125 ATC Light Signals

• Will be covered in presentation on airport
  operations

63
91.126 - 91.131 Air Space(covered in other
section of ground school)
64
91.133Restricted Prohibited Areas

• No person may operate an aircraft within a
  restricted or prohibited area without permission
• Prohibited areas are the White House and where
  the President is
• FAR 91.141
• NOTAMs issued for flight restrictions closed to
  areas visited or traveled by President, VP, other
  public figures

65
91.137Temporary flight restrictions

• The Administrator will issue a Notice to Airmen
  (NOTAM)
• Designate area of flight restrictions
• The time of the flight restrictions
• No one can operate an aircraft in the designated
  area unless aircraft is carrying event personnel?
• Check out this one more

66
91.141 91.145Other flight restrictions

• NOTAMs are also issued for -
• President, Vice President, other public figures
• Space operations
• High barometric pressure conditions
• Aerial demonstrations and major sporting events
• 91.145 (a)(9) of this section lists Fiesta
• Still called Kodak Albuquerque International
  Balloon Fiesta

67
91.146(b)(9) Charitable Flights

• Private Pilots must have 500 hours of flight time
  for airplanes or helicopters
• No references to balloons or gliders

68
91.151 Fuel Requirements Airplanes
Helicopters

• Enough fuel to fly to first point of intended
  landing and at least 30 minutes after that during
  the day
• Under IFR requirements, need fuel for 45 minutes
  of additional flight time.
• These requirements DO NOT APPLY Balloons or
  (strangely) Gliders

69
91.155Basic VFR Weather Minimums
Class B 3 statute miles Clear of clouds
Class C 3 statute miles 500 below, 1,000 above, 2,000 horizontal
Class D 3 statute miles 500 below, 1,000 above, 2,000 horizontal
Class E lt10,000 gt10,000 3 statute miles 5 statute miles 500 below, 1,000 above, 2,000 horizontal 1,000 below, 1,000 above, 1 statute mile
Glass G lt1,200 day gt1,200 day gt10,000 1 statute mile 1 statute mile 5 statute miles Clear of clouds 500 below, 1,000 above, 2,000 horizontal 1,000 below, 1,000 above, 1 statute mile
70
91.159VFR Cruising Altitudes

• When gt3000 ft AGL
• On heading of 0-179 (going east)
• odd thousand ft. MSL 500 ft.
• i.e. 3500, 5500, etc.
• On heading of 180-359 (going west)
• even thousand ft. MSL 500 ft.
• i.e. 4500, 6500, etc.
• Memorize This

71
91.203Aircraft Certifications Required
No one may operate a civil aircraft unless it has
within it the following Note (91.715 - foreign
aircraft)

• Airworthiness certificate
• U.S. registration certificate
• Current approved Aircraft Flight Manual or Pilot
  Operating Handbook 91.9

72
91.209 Aircraft Lights

• No person may operate during the period of sunset
  to sunrise unless the aircraft has lighted
  position lights
• For balloons, a steady white light and a flashing
  red or white light is required 31.65
• Balloon lights can be Supplemental Type Certified
  or Form 337 must be filed with FAA to add them to
  the balloon
• Form FAA 337 Major repair alternation
• A supplemental type certificate (STC) is a type
  certificate (TC) issued when an applicant has
  received FAA approval to modify an aircraft from
  its original design

73
91.211 Supplemental Oxygen

• From 12,500 MSL to 14,000 MSL,
• if gt30 minutes
• Above 14,000 MSL, for crew (pilot)
• Above 15,000 MSL, for crew and each passenger
• How MUCH Oxygen do YOU need (l/min)?
• Note No person may operate a civil aircraft of
  U.S. registry
• Provided with and uses
• 550 liters of pure oxygen (19 cubic feet) per
  day. 22.9 hr

74
91.215Transponders requirements

• Required in Class A, B, and C airspace for all
  aircraft
• ABQ has waived this for balloons
• Above 10,000 ft MSL for powered aircraft
• Must have altitude reporting equipment (Mode C)
  with transponder
• provides the aircraft's pressure altitude and is
  usually combined with Mode 3/A to provide a
  combination of a 4-digit octal code and altitude
  as Mode 3A/C, often referred to as Mode A and C

75
91.307Parachutes Parachuting

• Parachutes must be repacked within 180 days (a
  tag with a card shows last date of inspection
  repack)

76
91.319Aircraft with Experimental Certificates

• Have operating limitations
• NO carrying persons for compensation/hire
• NO flying over densely populated area
• PIC must advise each person carried of the
  experimental nature of the aircraft
• Operate under VFR, day only, unless otherwise
  authorized

77
91.403 Maintenance Responsibilities

• The owner or operator of an aircraft is primarily
  responsible for maintaining that aircraft in an
  airworthy condition including compliance with 14
  CFR part 39 (Airworthiness Directives).

78
91.409 Inspections Annual 100 hour

• No person may operate an aircraft unless within
  the preceding 12 calendar months it has had an
  annual inspection in accordance with Part 43
• 100 hour limitation may be exceeded by not more
  than 10 hours while en route to reach a place
  where the inspection can be done.
• Not applicable for Balloons

79
91.417 Maintenance Records

• Registered owner SHALL keep records
• Records MUST include
• Description of work
• Date work was completed
• Signature and certification number of person
  approving the aircraft for return to service
• Current status of any airworthiness directives
  (AD) for aircraft

80
Airworthiness Directives (AD) Advisory
Circulars (AC)
81
Advisory Circulars (AC)

• Advisory circulars are available to pilots on
  line at www.faa.gov
• Are numbered for subjects related to
• 20 - Aircraft
• 60 - Airman
• 70 - Airspace
• 90 - Air Traffic Control General Operations

82
Part 830 (NTSB) Notification and Reporting of
Aircraft Accidents or Incidents

• A- General
• B- Initial notification of accidents, incidents
  or overdue aircraft
• C- Preservation of aircraft wreckage, mail cargo
  or records
• D- Reporting of aircraft accidents, incidents or
  overdue aircraft

83
830.1 Aircraft Accident - Applicability

• This part contains rules pertaining to
• (a) Initial notification and later reporting of
  aircraft incidents and accidents and certain
  other occurrences in the operation of aircraft,
  wherever they occur, when they involve civil
  aircraft of the United States.

84
830.2 Aircraft Accident

• An occurrence associated with ballooning which
  takes place between the time a person boards the
  balloon for fly and the time of disembarkment in
  which any person suffers
• Death
• Serious injury
• Balloon received substantial damage

85
Incident

• Incident is an occurrence other than an accident
  which affects or could affect the safety of
  operation
• Always call something an INCIDENT, never an
  accident. Let FAA decide it is an accident and
  not an incident.

86
Definition of Serious Injury

• Requires hospitalization for more than 48 hrs
  within a 7 days from the date of the injury
• Result in a fracture of any bone except simple
  fractures of fingers, toes, or nose
• Causes severe hemorrhages, nerve, muscle, or
  tendon damage
• Involves any internal organ
• Involves 2nd or 3rd degree burns, or any burns
  covering more than 5 of the body

87
Substantial Damage

• Damage or failure which adversely affects the
  structural strength, performance or flight
  characteristics of the aircraft
• Damage which would normally require major repair
  or replacement

88
830.5Immediate Notification Required

• An aircraft operator must immediately notify the
  nearest NTSB field office or call 1-800-WXBrief
  when
• An aircraft is involved in an accident
• When flight control system malfunction or fail
• An in-flight fire occurs (not the burner)
• An aircraft is overdue and believed to have been
  in an accident

89
830.10Preservation of Aircraft Wreckage

• When notification of an accident or incident must
  be given, the operator is responsible for
  preserving the aircraft wreckage as is, except
• To remove persons injured or trapped
• To protect the wreckage from further damage
• To protect the public from injury

90
830.15Reports and Statements to be Filed

• The balloon operator must file a written report
  for
• Accident - within 10 days
• Incident - only as requested by the NTSB

91
How can you go?
"FAR"

• We have gone a way!

FAR
FAR