MICROBES !!!

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MICROBES !!!

• Bacteria and Viruses

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Bacteria

• Classification and Structure

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What are the 6 Kingdoms?

• Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria
• Protists
• Fungi
• Plants
• Animals

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Classification of Bacteria

• Archaebacteria extremists
• Eubacteria
• Heterotrophs
• Photosynthetic autotrophs
• Chemosynthetic autotrophs

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Archaebacteria

• Live in extreme locations
• Oxygen-free environments
• Concentrated salt-water
• Hot, acidic water

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Eubacteria - Heterotrophs

• Found everywhere
• Parasites live off of other organisms
• Saprobes live off of dead organisms or waste
  (recyclers)

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Eubacteria Photosynthetic Autotrophs

• Photosynthetic make their own food from light
• Cyanobacteria blue-green, yellow, or red
• ponds, streams, moist areas

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Eubacteria Chemosynthetic Autotrophs

• Get energy by breaking down inorganic substances
  like sulfur and nitrogen
• Make nitrogen in the air usable for plants Very
  Important

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Structure of Bacteria

• Two parts to Bacteria Structure
• Arrangement
• Shape

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Arrangement

• Paired diplo
• Grape-like clusters staphylo
• Chains strepto

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Shape

• Rod bacillus
• Spheres coccus
• Spirals spirillum

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Examples

• Streptococcus chains of spheres
• Staphylospirillum Grapelike clusters of spirals
• Streptobacillus Chains of rods

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Bacterial Diseases

• Pneumonia
• Strep Throat
• Meningitis
• Salmonella
• Cholera
• Bubonic Plague

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Treatment

• Bacterial infections can usually be treated by
  using antibiotics.
• The first antibiotic was Penicillin which was
  discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.
• Penicillin is derived from a fungus and works by
  eating holes in the cell wall of the bacterial
  cells

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Viruses
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Alive?

• Viruses are non-living!
• They do not carry out respiration.
• They do not grow or develop
• Cannot reproduce without a host cell

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Viral Structure

• Inner Core
• Contains nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) with
  instructions for making copies of the virus

• Outer protein coat called a capsid
• May have an additional layer of protein called an
  envelope

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Viral Structure

• 4 major shapes of virus
• Helical
• Polyhedral
• Studded Envelope
• Polyhedral with leg-like extensions

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Viral Reproduction

• Lytic Cycle (eg. The flu)
• Very Fast (about 30 minutes)
• Takes over host cells genetic material
• Kills the host cell quickly
• Lysogenic Cycle (HIV virus, herpes simplex 1)
• Not fast
• A provirus is formed-it becomes part of the host
  cells chromosome
• Changes the host cell, doesnt kill it quickly
• Can enter the lytic cycle at any time, usually
  because of some sort of stress

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Lytic Cycle
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Lysogenic Cycle
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Viral Diseases

• Herpes
• Chicken Pox
• Influenza
• Meningitis
• Measles
• Mumps

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Treatments for Viral Diseases

• Vaccines- alert the immune system without causing
  the illness
• Anti-viral drugs
• Many have no cures but simply medicines to
  control symptoms