?????? Internet ??

1
?????? Internet ??
2
? ?

• 1 ?????????
• 2 Internet??
• 3 Internet?????
• 4 Internet???
• ??? Windows??????????? ?
• ??? ??????Ping

3
1.?????????

• 1.1 ???????????
• 1.2 ????????
• 1.3 ????????
• 1.4 ??????????
• 1.5 ????????
• 1.6 ????????

4
1.1 ???????????

• ????????????????????????1946?????????????,??????
  ????????,?????????????????1952??????????????(SAGE
  System)???,?????????????????????

5
1.1 ???????????

• ??,?????????????????????,?????????????????60???
  ???????????????????????????

6
1.1 ???????????

• ??????????????????????ARPANET??????????????????(A
  RPA)1968??????,?1971?2?,ARPANET???15???,??????????
  ???,????????????????

7
1.1 ???????????

• ????????????,????????,???????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????ISDN?????
  ?????????????????

8
1.2 ????????

• ????????
• ??????????

9
(1) ????????

• ????????????
• ???,????????????????,???????????????????????????,
  ??????????(????????,??????????????)????????????,??
  ???????
• ??,????????????,???????????????????????

10
(2) ??????????

• ????????????
• ????
• ????(?????????)
• ??????????

11
????
???(100m)
????(185m)
BNC??
RJ-45??
???????
12
???(twisted pair)

• ????????????????????????,?????????1mm?
• ??????,????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ?????????????????????????
• ?????(STP,Shielded Twisted Pair)
• ?????,???,????????,???????????????????,????
  ???????

13
???(twisted pair)

• ??????(UTP,Unshielded Twisted Pair)
• ??????????????100????????????,????????
• ???????1?2?3?4?5??,????3???5??,5??????100Mbp
  s????????,?????150Mbps?ATM????,???????????????

14
???
???????????
????????
???????????
15
????(?????????)
16
??????????

• ??(????)
• ?????(??/??????)

17
1.3 ????????

• ?????? ?????????,??????????????????????????????
  ?,?????????,????,?????
• ??????????? ?????????????????,??????????????????
  ?
• ????????????? ???????,????????????????,??????????
  ?????????????????????

18
1.3 ????????

• ???????? ???????????, ????,????????????????????
  ????,??????????????????????
• ??????????,????,???? ???????,
  ???????????????????, ????????????????,
  ???????????????,????,?????

19
1.4 ??????????

• ?????????????????????????,????????????????,???????
  ??????????,?????????????,???????????????????????
• ????? ????
• ???? ????

20
?????
21
?????

• ???????, ??????????????, ???????????????
• ?????????????????????????????,
  ?????????????????????,????????????,
  ???????????,?????? ????B???C???????,???????????,?
  ?A?D?E?F???????? ???????????,???????????????????
  ,??????????????CSMA/CD??????, ?????????????????

22
?????

• ????????????????????????,????????
• ???????????????,????????,??????????????????????,??
  ???????????????????????

23
????
24
????

• ???????????????????????????????????????,?????????
  ???????,???????????????, ?????????????????????,???
  ????????, ??????????????,????????,????????????????
  ????????????,???????????, ??????????????,???????
  ??,???????,???????????????

25
????

• ?????????????????????
• ??????????????,????????,????????,???
  ???????? ????????????????????,???????

26
????
27
????

• ??????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????,??????????????????,???????
  ???????????????????????????,???????????

28
????

• ?????????????????,?????? ??????
• ??????????,??????????,???????????????????????????

29
????
30
????

• ?????????????????????????????????,?????????,?????
  ?????,?????????????????????,?????????????????,
  ??????(???)???????????,?????????????????,?????
• ???????????????????????????????
• ???????????,???????,?????????????????????????
  ??????

31
1.5 ????????

• 1.???(LAN)
• ??????????(?????????????)??????????????????,??
  ???????????????????????????????,???????????????
  ???????????,?????????,????????????????Novell??Wind
  ow NT???

32
1.5 ????????

• 2.???(WAN)
• ???????????????,????gt50km??????,???(??)???????
  ??????,??????????,?????,?????????,?????????,??????
  ???????,??????????,???????????????????????????????
  ?

33
1.5 ????????

• 3.???(MAN)
• ?????????
• 10kmlt????lt50km,????????????????????????

34
1.6 ????????

• ?????????????????????????,?????????????????????
  ???????,?????????????????????

35
1.6 ????????

• ????????????????????????????,???????????,????????
  ????????,??????????????????????????????
• ???
• NETBEUIWindows NT???
• Novell ?IPX/SPX(?????/?????)
• Windows NT ?Netware?windows?????
• ???
• Internet?TCP/IP(??????/????)?? Internet ? ???
• HTTP,FTP,TELNET???

36
1.6 ????????

• ???????

HTTP
FTP
TELNET
DNS
...
...
TCP
UDP
IP
...
37
2 Internet ??

• 2.1 ???Internet
• 2.2 Internet???
• 2.3 Internet???
• 2.4 Internet??????
• 2.5 Internet??

38
2.1 ???Internet

• Internet???????????? ???????????????????????
  ???????, ??????????????,????? ?????????????(LAN)?
  ???(MAN)????(WAN)??????,Internet?????????????????
  ??????????????,??????Internet?????????????????
  ?????????????????1997 ?,???????????????
• Internet?????,????TCP/IP??????Internet??????????
  ????????????Internet?????

39
2.2 Internet??????

• Internet???60?????DARPA??????? ?
• 1962?12??????????????,??ARPA?,??TCP/IP?? ?
• ?70????,???????????????,????????,??????
• ?70?????,??????,????,?1982?,?????ARPAnet????Intern
  et?
• 80???,??NSF???NSFnet,??TCP/IP???
• 80???90???,?? NSFnet,??????????????????
• ?1995??,Internet ????154???????

40
2.3 Internet???

• ??Internet?????,??????????
• ???????????????????????????,????????????????,????
  ???????????????
• ????????????,??????,?????????
• ?????????,??????????,??????????????
• ?????INTERNET???????????????,?????????,???????,??
  ???,????????

41
2.3 Internet???

• ??????????,??????,??????????
• ????????????????????INTERNET?,???????,???(Time)?P
  C Magazine?????????????????,?????,????????
• ?????E-MAIL?????????????????,?????????????
• ????????????????

42
2.4 Internet ???

• Internet??????
• ????????(Cernet)
• Chinanet

43
Internet??????

• Internet?????????????????????????????,???Internet
  ???????????????
• ?????????????1986??1994?4?,??????????????????????I
  nternet ??????????????????,??Internet?????????????
  ???????
• ????????Internet??, ??Internet?????? ?1994
  ?4??,????????????????????????NCFC?

44
Internet??????

• ???5????,???????????Internet?????NCFC
  ??????????????(CN)???, ???Internet??,????Interne
  t??????????Internet???NSFnet???,?????81???????Inte
  rnet??????????,?????,?????????????

45
Internet??????

• 1994?8?31?,??????????Sprint??????Sprint
  LINK?Internet?????????????????????,?????Internet??
  ?1994?9?20?,???????????????????,????????????????In
  ternet????TCP/IP????????????????,?Cernet?Chinanet?
  CSTNET?CHINAGBN?

46
????????(Cernet)

• CERNET?????,???????????????????????????????CERN
  ET????????????,???????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????10???,????????????????CERNET??????36????38??
  ?,?????????????????????

47
????????(Cernet)

• Cernet??????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????

48
Chinanet

• 1995?4?,?????????????????Chinanet???????,????????
  1995?6?28???,??Sprint????????Internet,?????????Int
  ernet???1996?Chinanet????????,??????Internet???,??
  8??????31?????,????30???????????Chinanet
  ???????????????????,?????????Internet,??Internet??
  ??????????????????(DDN?????????)??????????????????
  ?Chinanet?

49
2.5 Internet ??

• 1. ??(IP,MAC)
• 2. ??
• 3. ????
• 4. ???????
• 5. ???????(URL)

50
IP??

• ?????Internet???????????
• IP????Internet??????????????32???????,??IP??,??Int
  ernet????????? IP????????
• ?????????????
• ??????net-id????????
• ??????host-id?????????
• IP???????A?E?,??????????A,B,C??
• ??????,IP??????????????????
• ?? 202.207.0.11

51
IP????

• a.b.c.d
• A?1.0.0.0 ---- 126.255.255.255(?)
• ?????a ?????b.c.d
• ?100.122.0.23
• B?128.0.0.0 ---- 191.255.255.255(?)
• ?????a.b ?????c.d
• ?166.111.4.100
• C?192.0.0.0 ---- 223.255.255.255(?)
• ?????a.b.c ?????d
• ?202.207.147.66

52
IP??

• ?7-2 IP???????

53
MAC??

• 48???????,????????IP ???????
• ??IP??????,?MAC?????,??????
• ??44-AE-53-54-00-00(?????????)
• ??winipcfg??????IP???mac??,ping????????Internet???
  ??IP???

54
? ?

• ?????????,Internet?????????,???IP?????.????????
  ???(DNS),??????
• ???????.???.????
• ???????????, ???????????????????,
  ???????????????IP??? ??, ??????????IP??????,??????
  ??????,????????

55
????

• ?????????????????????????????????????????,??7-3??
  

56
Internet???????

• IP??????????????,????IP????????,?????????(NIC)??
  ,?????????????????????
• ?????????Internet??,1984?,TCP/IP
  ?????????????????????,?Internet?????DNS(Domain
  Name System)?????????????,DNS?????????IP?????
  www.cernet.edu.cn?202.112.0.36?
• ??,Internet??????Internet ?????????????????????,
  ??,????????????????IP???

57
???????

• ???????URL(Uniform Resource
  Locator)????????,?Web???,???????WWW?????????
• ??http//home.netscape.com/pub/index.html

58
???????

• URL?????????
• (1)?????URL?????????????????,
• ?????URL?????
• http???????????(http)??WWW??
• news????USENET????
• ftp????FTP?????????????

59
???????

• file????????????????????
• telnet?????????????
• mailto????????????
• (2)??(????)
• (3)???
• (4)???

60
3 Internet?????

• 3.1 ?Internet???????
• 3.2 ??IP????(PPP??)
• 3.3 ???(LAN)? Internet???

61
3.1 ?Internet???????

• ??????????,?????????,?? Internet??,??????????????
  ??????????????????Internet ?????(ISP)???????????,?
  ??????,????,???????????????????Internet?????,?????
  ??????,????????????????????????????????,??????????
  ???????????

62
3.1 ?Internet???????

• ???????? Internet, ??????14.4Kbps???????????(Modem
  )?????????(Modem?)????????????????ISP?????????????
  ?,ISP?????????(????????????????????????)?,????????
  ?
• Internet??????TCP/IP, Internet
  ????????????TCP/IP??, ??ISP???TCP/IP ???????
  ISP????????????????TCP/IP??,?????????????????????,
  ???????ISP,???????? Internet?

63
3.2 ??IP????(PPP??)
64
3.2 ??IP????(PPP??)

• ????IP????????????????(??PPP??)???,????????ISP?
  ????Modem????????????Internet??,
  ?????????ISP????????Internet??????????????????????
  ????? ????, ??????????????Internet??,??????????I
  P??,????????????????IP??,??10.84.209.7,??????????,
  ????????????????????????IP????????Internet????????
  ???PPP?????

65
3.2 ??IP????(PPP??)

• 1.PPP???????
• 2.????????
• 3.PPP?????????

66
PPP???????

• (1)?????????????????,???????,??Modem?????????????
  ???,???586????????,????????????

67
PPP???????

• (2)??????Windows??? ????????????????PPP????,???W
  indows??????????????Netscape???Navigator(???)?Micr
  osoft???Explorer(???)? ?????????????????,?DOS???
  Windows?????????????????
• (3)IP??????ISP?????IP??(???????),??????(??????????
  ??)????

68
????????

• ???????IP???????,??????????????
• (1) ???????(??????)
• ???????????????Modem,?PPP??????????,?
  ??????????????????, ??????ISP????IP?????????,?????
  ??Internet??, ?????????????PPP???????????????ISP?I
  nternet????????????????????????,
  ??Internet????????

69
????????

• (2) ????(?????)
• ?????????????(Dedicated Phone Line),
  ??24???????Internet??????, ???????????????????????
  ?????????????????????

70
PPP???????

• (1)????????????,???????Internet???????
• (2)???????????????????IP??? IP?????????,????ISP
  ????????????IP??????,??Internet????????????,
  ?FTP??????????????????????????,
  ????????????????????????
• (3)???????????????,?Windows??Netscape?Explorer,??
  ???????????????Internet?
• Windows????????????? ???

71
3.3 ????Internet???
72
3.3 ????Internet???

• ????????????????Internet?????
• 1.????
• ??????????????, ??Modem??????????Internet?????
  ?????IP?????????????????
• (1)???????SLIP/PPP???TCP/IP???
• (2)???????????????,???????Web?????IE?,????????
  ??,????????????LAN???

73
3.3 ????Internet???

• 2.????
• ?????????????????????????????64Kbps?12
  8Kbps? 2Mbps???,??????Internet???????
• (1)???????IP?????, ??????Internet????????
• (2)?????Internet??????
• (3)???????????,???????
• (4)????????,???????????????????????????????????
  ????
• Windows?????????????? ???

74
4. Internet???
75
Internet?????
76
Internet?????

• ???????,?????????(WWW)
• ??????(E-mail)
• ??????(FPT)
• ??????(Telnet)
• ??????

77
???????,?????????

• ?????WWW(World Wide Web)?????,???Internet????????
  ??????????Internet????????????, ?????? Internet
  ????????WWW????????(site)????????????????WWW??????
  WWW????????????(????????????)?????,????????????,??
  ???????? WWW??????WWW????????Internet??????

78
???????,?????????

• Web?????/????????????HTML(??????????)????????,????
  Web???????????Web????Web???????HTTP??(???????)????
  ????????????Netscape???Netscaps
  Navigator,??Microsoft Internet Explorer?

79
??????

• ??????(E-mail),??????????????,????????????????????
  ,??,?????,?????????????Internet?????????????,?????
  ????????????????????????????,????,???????E-mail???
  ????????????

80
??????

• ????????????????E-mail?????????????,??????????????
  ??????????,??,???????E-mail??,??????????????ACSII?
  ???,?????????????????????????????????E-mail???????
  ?????????????????????,???????????????,????????????
  ???

81
??????

• ????????????????????????????????????????E-m
  ail??,???????????????????

82
??????

• ???????????????,?????????????????????TCP/IP?????,?
  ?????????????????,??FTP(??????File Transfer
  Protocol)?
• ????(IE)
• ????(ftp??)

83
??????

• FTP????Internet??????????????????????????????????
  ???,??????,?????Internet ?????????????????,???????
  ??????????,?????FTP????,???????????????,???????,??
  ?????? ??Internet ?????Anonymous
  FTP(??FTP)??????????

84
??????

• ??????, ?????????????????anonymous???,? ?
  ?????????Internet????????????????????????
  anonymous FTP????,????anonymous
  ??,????????????????????????????

85
??????

• ?Internet?,???????????????????????????,??????????
  ?????,??????????????????, ???????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????,?????????????????????
• Internet??Telnet?????????????????????,??
  Telnet???

86
????

• ?????????????????????,?????????????????,?????????
  ???????????????????,??????????,????????????????,??
  ????????????????????????????

87
????

• ??????? ????????????,??????????????????,?????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????,????????????,??
  ??????????????????,?????????,?????????????????????
  ??,?????????,?????????

88
????

• ????????????,??????????????????????(Keywor
  d),?????????????????????????,?????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????,???????????????SPI
  DE(??)???,????????????,????????????????????????,??
  ?????

89
????

• ???????????
• ???????,?????????????????,?????????????
  ?
• (?)?????? ???????????,???????????,?????????????
  ???????????????????????,???????,????????????
  ???????????????

90
????

• (?)???????????
• ??????????????????,???????????????,??
  ???????????????(?????????????),???????????????????
  ???Search(??)????????,????????????????????????
  ??????,????????????????????
• (?)??ltingttitle ??inlttitlegt

91
????

• (?)?????????
• ??????????????????()??????????????,??
  ?(-) ?????????????? ??????????????????????3????
  ?,????????????????????,?????????,??????
  -??????

92
????

• (?)?????????
• ???????????????????????????,????AND(?
  )?OR( ?)?NOT(?, ???AND NOT)?NEAR(?????????),??????
  ?????????, ??, ???????????????,?????????????yanch
  eng?infomation?network3?????,???yancheng AND
  infomation AND network???(??????????????,??????)?

93
THE END
94
??? Windows????????????

• ??Modem,???????????????
• ?????????TCP/IP???
• ???????????
• ??????

95
1.??Modem

• ?? ??????
• ??
• ???????????Modem????line???,????????phone
  ?????,??????????Modem,??????????9??25???,????Modem
  ??????,??Modem???????
• ??????????

96
1 ??Modem

• ????Windows ???Modem Wizard??Modem?????
• ???????????????,????????????,????????

97
??Modem
?????????,???????????
98
??Modem
Windows????,???modem?,???????????????????
99
??Modem
?????????,???????????
100
??Modem
?????????
101
??Modem
????
102
??Modem
103
??Modem
?????,????modem
104
2.???????
?????????????
105
???????
Windows?????????????????????TCP/IP??,???????????
????,??????
106
???????
?????? ??????????????,?????,??????
107
???????
?????,????
108
???????
??Microsoft????????????
109
???????
???????
110
3.??????????
?????????????????
111
??????????
????modem??????????,?????
112
??????????
??????,?????,??????,?????
113
??????????
114
4.?????
??????????,?????ISP????????????????(????????????)
115
?????
116
??? ??????Ping

• 1 ???Ping
• 2 Ping????
• 3 ????Ping

117
1 Ping?????

• ???Ping
• ????????????????????
• Ping ?????
• ??????????????????
• ??????????
• ??
• ???????????????????
• ???
• ?????

118
2 Ping ???

• ?????????,????
• ??????????????
• ????,????????
• ??????

119
3 Ping???

• ??Windows????ping??
• ?? ping 202.112.0.36
• ?????????
• ?????????
• Pinging 202.112.0.36 with 32 bytes of data
• Reply from 202.112.0.36
• bytes32 time9ms TTL253
• ???????????
• Pinging 202.112.0.36 with 32 bytes of data
• Request timed out.