???????? ? WWW - ?????????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????

1
???????? ? WWW - ?????????????? ??? ???????????
?????????
??????? 2
2
??????

• Dell Computer Corporation
• ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? PC
• 9 ???? - ??????? ????? ??????
• ?? ?????? 90-? ??. ?????? ?????????????? ??
  ????????
• ?????? - ????? Web-????
• ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????????
• ??????????? ?????????, ??????? FAQ

3
?????????????? ??? ?-?????????

• ???????? ???????????? ????? ???????
  ??????????????? ???????????? ?????, ????????????
  ???? ???
• ? 1960-? ??. ???????????? ??????? ??? ??????
  ????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????
  ???????????? ????, ??????? ???? ??
  ??????????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ?? ?????????
  ??????
• ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????
• ? 1972 ?. ??????? ?????? ????????? ???
  ??????????? ?????, ????? ??? FTP ? Telnet.

4
?????????????? ??? ?-?????????

• ? ????? 80-? ????? ????????? ??????? ?
  ????????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ? ?????????
  ??, ??? ?? ???????? ????????
• ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ????
  ????????? ? 1989 ?.
• ??? ??????????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????????????
  ????????
• 1. ? 1960-? ??. ??? ??????? ????????????? ???????
  ??????????? - ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??
  ????????? ?????????

5
?????????????? ??? ?-?????????

• 2. ? ????? 80-? - ?????? 90-? ????? ???
  ???????-??, ?????????? ? ??????????? ??????
  ??????? ????????????, ????????? ???? ? ??????????
  ?????? ?????????????? ??????, ??????? ??? ???????
  ?? ????? HTML - Hypertext Markup Language.
• Web-???????? ? ?????????, ????? ? ???????????
  ???????????.

6

• ???????? ???????? ??????
• circuit switching - ?????????? ???????
• packet switching - ?????????? ???????
• ??????????????
• ???? ARPANET - ???????? ???????????
• ??? ??????????? ????? ?? ????????? ???????
  ????????? ??? ??????????? ? ?????????? ????
• ??????, ?? ????????? ? ????? ??????????, ?????
  ???? ????????? ????????
• ?????????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?
  ???????, ??????? ?????? ????? ???
• ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????

7
???????? ???????? ??????
8
TCP/IP ????????? ??????? ???????? - ????? ??????,
?????????? ??????????????, ???????, ? ?????
???????? ?????? ? ??????, ???????????? ????? ????
????????? TCP/IP - Vincent Cerf ? Robert
Kahn. TCP (transmission control protocol)
????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????
????????? ?? ?? ???? ? ??????? ????????? ??
??????? ????? ???????? IP (internet protokol)
???????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ???????
?? ????????? ? ??????????
9
TCP/IP ???????????
Application HTTP, SMTP, POP, IMAP, ? ?.?.
Transport TCP
Internet IP
Physical ?????????? ?????????
10
IP-?????? ? ???????? ????? IP-????? - 32-???????
?????, ???????? ?? 4 ????? (????????,
126.204.89.56). ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????,
????????? ?????????????? ????????? ? ????. URL
(uniform resource locator) - ????????,
http//kek.ksu.ru, http//kek.ksu.ru/EOS/PHP/inde
x.html com - ???????????? ??????????? edu -
??????????????? ?????????? gov - ????????????????
??????????? org - ?????????????? ??????????? ru
- ?????? us - ??? ? ?.?.
11
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) - ????????,
????????????? ?? ???????? ? ?????
WEB-???????. ????? HTTP ??????????? ?
???????????? ? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????
(????????) ? ??????? ? ???????????? ? ????????
?????? ?? ??????? ???????. SMTP (Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol) - c?????????? ????????,
???????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????????????
? ????????????????? ???????? ????????? POP (Post
Office Protocol) - ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?
????????? ???????. ????????????? ????????? ???
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) IMAP
(Internet Message Access Protocol) - ?????
????????, ?????? POP.
12
???????? ????????? Finger - Unix-?????????,
??????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ?
?????? ????????????? ???? Ping (Packet InterNet
Groper) - ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????
??????? ? ??????????, ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ?
????. ?????? ??????? ?????????? ? ??????????
????????????? ?????? ? ? ???????, ??????????? ??
???????? ????????? ?????????. ??????
????????????? ping ???_?????? ??? ping
IP-????? Tracert (TRACE RouTe) ? ????????
????????? ?????? ?? Ping, ?? ????? ????? ????????
??????????? ????????, ??????????? ?????????? ????
????????? ?? ?????????????? ?????.
13
????????-?????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????
? 1970-? ??. ???????????? ??????????? ?????
???????? (????????????? ?? ??????????????). ?
????????? ????????? spam - ???????? ?????,
?????????? ???????, ??????????? ???
????????????????. Telnet - ?????????,
??????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????. FTP
(File Transfer Protocol) ???????????? ????? ?????
??????? ???? ??? ??????????? ?????? ? ??????
?????????? ?? ??????.
14
????? ???????? ? Web SGML (Standard Generalized
Markup Language) - ????????, ??????????????
??????? ???????? ??????????, ?? ????????? ??
?????????? ??????????? ??????????, ???????? ?
1986 ?. ?????? ???????? ????? ???? DTD (Data Type
Definition). HTML (HyperText Markup Language) -
?????????? ????, ???????? ????? ????? ???
?????????????? ?????????. XML (eXtensible Markup
Language) - ????, ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????
?????????. WML (Wireless Markup Language) - ????
??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ? ?????????
?????????
15
??????? ???????????? HTML HTML 1.0 ????????
????? 1991 ?. ??? ???????????? ?????? Tim
Berners-Lee, ??? ? ?????? ???????. ?????? W3C -
World Wide Web Consortium. HTML 2.0 ???????? ?
???????? 1995 ?. ???????? ????????? ??????? ?
????. HTML 3.2 ???????? ? 1997 ?. ????????
????????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ???????? ? ?.?.
HTML 4.0 ???????? ? ??????? 1997 ?. ???????? ???
OBJECT, ????????? ??????? ?????? CSS ? ??????????
???? ????????? (? ???????? JavaScript ? VBScript).
16
HTML- ????????? Notepad ??????????? ????????? -
WYSIWYG (What you see is what you get) - Front
Page ? ??? ? ????. HomeSite ? ??? ????????
?????????.
17

• ??????????? ??????/?????? ? Web.
• ??????? ?????????????? - ?????????? ?????? ?????
  ???????? ? ????????
• ?????? - ?????? ?????????, ???????
  ?????????????????? URL ???????? 24 ???? ? ?????
  ? ????????? ? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????
• ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????, ?????
  ?????????? ? ????????? ? ?????? ???????????,
  ???????? ?? ??? ?????, ????????? ???? ????? ?
  ?????????? ??? ???????
• thin client - ?????? ??????

18
?????????????? ????? ???????? ? ???????? -
????????????? ???????????
19

• ????????? ??????? ???????
• ?????? ??????? (?????, ??????, ?????? HTTP)
• ?????????????? ????????? ???????
• ?????????????? ???? ???????
• ????????,
• GET /whatsnew/rfc/rfc2039.html HTTP/1.0
• Accept text/html
• Accept audio/x

20

• ????????? ?????? ???????
• ?????? ?????? (?????? HTTP, ??? ?????????
  ???????, ??????? ???????? ?????????)
• ????????? ???????
• ???? ??????? ,
• ????????
• HTTP/1.0 200 OK
• Server NCSA/1.3
• Content-type text/HTML
• Content-length 2000
• ltHTMLgt
• ltHEADgtltTITLEgtNewslt/TITLEgtlt/HEADgt
• ltBODYgtlt/BODYgt
• lt/HTMLgt

21
?????????????? ????? ???????? ? ???????? -
????????????? ???????????
22
????????, ????????, ????????? ???????? -
???????????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ???????????,
??????????? ?? ?????? ????????-?????????? ????????
? - ????, ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????????
? ????????? ?? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????????. ???
??????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????
????, ??????? ???? ? ??????????? ??????? ????
(VPN).
23
??????? ?????????? ? ????????
24
??????? ?????????? ? ???????? (???????????
????????) ISDN (Integrated Services Digital
Network) ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line) ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)