Evolution of Mobile Video Delivery in the US

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Evolution of Mobile Video Delivery in the US

• Jeff Van Dyke
• Director of Technology
• Office of the CTO
• Dialogic, Inc.

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Agenda

• Video Quality Factors
• Characteristics of Video Services
• Video Delivery Methods
• 3G-324M
• Video over IP
• Broadcast Video
• Where are We Headed?

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Video Quality Factors

• Video quality is determined by
• Display resolution and size
• Codec and level of compression
• Frame rate
• Network quality of service (QOS)
• Given a specific codec improving the video
  quality requires more network bandwidth and
  better QOS
• High quality video delivery requires high
  bandwidth and high QOS from the network.
• None of todays networks were originally designed
  for video
• PSTN low bandwidth, high QOS for voice
• Cellular low bandwidth, low/medium QOS for
  voice and low bit rate data (SMS)
• Internet medium bandwidth, low inherent QOS for
  telnet, SMTP and FTP

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Display Considerations

• Common screen resolutions
• What can todays devices support?
• iPhone - 480 x 320 pixels
• LG Dare - 400 x 240 pixels
• Standard YouTube videos are QVGA scaled to 480 x
  360 pixels

Size Width Height
QCIF 176 144
QVGA 320 240
CIF 352 288
VGA 640 480
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Frame Rate

• The perception of smooth motion requires
  approximately 18 frames per second
• In practice mobile video is delivered at 10 15
  FPS

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Characteristics of Video Services

• Interactive communication (e.g. video call)
• Low complexity
• Usually small display sizes (QCIF) with low frame
  rates (10)
• Compared by users to dedicated video phones or
  soft phones
• Lowest user expectations for quality
• Camera placement on handsets is problematic for
  this application
• Bandwidth lt 64 Kb/s
• User and content provider generated streaming
  video (e.g. YouTube)
• Low to medium complexity
• Larger display sizes (CIF or QVGA) and medium
  frame rates (15 20)
• User expectation set by YouTube and similar sites
• Bandwidth 128 Kb/s 300 Kb/s
• Entertainment video (e.g. broadcast TV shows)
• Medium to high complexity (e.g. sports
  broadcasts)
• Larger displays (gt CIF and QVGA) and high frame
  rates (gt 20)
• High user expectation based on movie and TV
  viewing
• Bandwidth gt 300 Kb/s

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Video Delivery - 3G-324M

• Multiplex of control, audio and video in a single
  64 Kb/s channel
• Video bandwidth limited to about 45 Kb/s
• Advantages
• Proven, deployed technology
• Low, deterministic transport delay
• Infrastructure available
• Disadvantages
• Limited bandwidth makes it difficult to deliver a
  compelling user experience

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3G-324M Protocol Diagram
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Video Delivery - IP

• Purely packet based
• Call control via SIP
• Media transport via RTP
• Advantages
• Sufficient bandwidth for delivering video that
  meets user expectations
• Flexibility to support various video services
• Disadvantages
• Infrastructure issues
• IMS networks not fully in place
• Quality of service for video transport
• IP address limitations (IPv4 vs. IPv6)
• Confusion and competition among transport
  technologies (e.g. HSPA, WIMAX, LTE)

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Video Delivery - Broadcast

• Separate network for broadcast TV content
• MediaFLO, DVB-H
• Advantages
• Doesnt saturate current voice/data spectrum with
  video
• Can deliver good quality (high frame rates and
  good QOS)
• Disadvantages
• Completely separate infrastructure
• Cant be used for interactive communications or
  user generated web content
• Do mobile users really want broadcast content?
• Streaming model gives users more control and
  flexibility

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Where are We Heading?

• 3G-324M not sufficient to deliver rich video
  services
• Video over IP breaks through the bandwidth
  limitation of 3G-324M but
• There are technical issues (e.g. QOS)
• There are economic issues (e.g. infrastructure
  costs)
• There are many transport alternatives currently
  in competition with each other (e.g. HSPA, WIMAX,
  LTE)
• Lots of noise around broadcast TV but will
  consumers want it?
• Opinion Video over IP will win eventually but it
  will be a bumpy ride
• May you live in interesting times. reputed
  ancient Chinese curse