Cities Grow

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Cities Grow Change

• Changes in American Life
• 1880-1914
• Chapter 21, Section 1

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Essential Questions

• How did industrialization change life in the
  cities?
• What factors attributed to bad living conditions
  for the poor?
• How did political machines influence city life
  positively and negatively?
• Who is responsible for helping those who cant
  help themselves?

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Growth of American Cities

• Industries Set Up Their Factories in Cities
• Cities Offered Good Transportation Plenty of
  Workers
• Urbanization The Growth of Cities

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Growth of the Cities

• Millions of People Migrated (Moved) to American
  Cities
• Millions of Immigrants Came for Jobs!
• Many Struggling Farmers Moved to Cities for Jobs

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Technology Helps Cities to Grow

• Skyscrapers
• Helped Millions of People to Live in Cites
• Bessemer Steel Process Made it Cheaper to Make
  Steel (7x Cheaper!)
• Steel Was Used to Build Skyscrapers!
• Very Sturdy! (9/11)
• Buildings Could Now Be Built Higher Hold More
  People

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Technology Helps Cities to Grow

• Laying on the Couch, Honk Honk
• Elevators (1889) Otis Elevator Company Created
  the 1st Elevator
• All Buildings Used to be Built NO Higher Than 4
  Floors
• WTC Had 110 Floors

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Streetcars/Subways

• Streetcars Improved Transportation in Cities
• People Use to Walk Or Ride Horses/Wagons
• How Long Would It Take to Walk From the East to
  the West Side of NYC?
• Richmond, Virginia Was the 1st City Ever to Have
  Streetcars!
• Chicago Built Subways Above Ground (The EL)
  NYC Built Subways Underground

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Streetcars Expand Cities

• Streetcars/Subways/ Trains Allowed for Cities to
  Expand
• People Could Live Farther Farther Away from
  Cities
• Suburbs Emerged
• Valhalla
• More People Commuted to the Cities for Work
  Entertainment

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Tenements

• Tenements Were Overcrowded Apartments (Run-Down)
• Millions of People Moved into Cities to Find
  Jobs!
• Workers Earned Less Than 10 a Week
• Not Enough to Pay For Rent!
• Moved in with Other Families in Tenements!

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Dangerous Living Conditions!

• Tenements Were Extremely Dangerous to Live In
• Old Buildings
• Landlord Neglect
• Poor Design
• Little Government Control
• Led to Poor Living Conditions!

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The Dumbell Tenement
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Poor Conditions of Tenements

• Major Problems Living in Tenements
• Overcrowded (Families Shared Apartments)
• No Garbage Pick Up
• Dumped Garbage into Narrow Alleys
• No Fresh Air
• No Running Water
• Sewage Flowed in Open Gutters (Spread Disease)

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Lewis Hine (Photographer)

• Lewis Hine was a Photographer Who Took Pictures
  of Tenements
• Why Did He Publish His Pictures in Newspapers?

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Slums

• Neighborhoods Full of Tenements Poverty
• Most Notorious Slum was the Lower East Side of
  Manhattan
• Irony Today?

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The Social Gospel Movement

• A Movement For Improving the Lives of the Urban
  Poor
• Started by Protestant Churches
• 2 Major Goals
• End Child Labor
• Open Up Settlement Houses for the Poor

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Settlement Houses

• Settlement Houses Helped the Poor Improve Their
  Lives
• Provided Daycare
• Allowed Parents to Work
• Provided Education
• Taught English Classes to Immigrants
• Offered Health Care to the Poor
• Most Famous Settlement House was the Hull House

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Jane Addams

• Jane Addams is the Founder of the HULL HOUSE!
• Dedicated Her Life to Helping the Poor
• The Hull House is the Most Famous Settlement
  House
• Founded in Chicago, 1889

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The Hull House
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Political Machines

• Political Machines are Organizations (Usually
  Corrupt) that Influence Enough Votes to Control a
  Local Government
• Exchanged Favors for Votes
• Political Machine Role Play!

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Political Machines (/-s)

• Positives (s)
• Built City Parks
• Built Sewer Systems
• Built Schools
• Built Roads
• Built Orphanages
• Helped Immigrants Get Jobs
• Helped Immigrants Find Housing

• Negatives (-s)
• Gained Votes by Trading for Favors
• Broke Rules to Win Elections
• Stole
• Accepted Gave Bribes

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Tammany Hall

• Most Notorious Political Machine of All Time!
• You Must Know William Marcy Boss Tweed
• Stole Millions of Dollars from NYC!

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Tammany Hall
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Jane Addams

• Also Fought For Womens Rights as Workers (Equal
  Pay)
• Fought Against Child Labor
• Worked to Improve Housing Laws Public Health
  Laws
• Was Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931

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Essential Questions

• How did industrialization change life in the
  cities?
• What factors attributed to bad living conditions
  for the poor?
• How did political machines influence city life
  positively and negatively?
• Who is responsible for helping those who cant
  help themselves?