Chemical

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Chemical Electrical Coordination Systems
The Nervous System.

• Ch 36 Guide
• Life is in the eye of the beholder

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Evolution of the Nervous System
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From brain Stem to Cerebrum
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IB.What is the function of the nervous system?

• To receive
• information from
• a sensory neuron
• To process
• info. by the
• brain spinal cord
• To respond by an
• effectors (muscle/gland)

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AcupunctureStimulation of nerve centers
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Alternative views . . . . . .
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IA. The basic unit of the nervous system
neuron?

• Dendrites receive stimuli
• Nerve cell body
• _at_ nucleus transmits the stimuli
• Axon transmits the impulse to another dendrite

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Axon ending terminal bud

• Transfers the electrical nerve impulse
• By chemical neuron-transmitters
• From one neuron to the next

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IA2. Two connecting neurons
Impulse direction
Axon ending
Dendrite of new neuron
Axon Cell Body
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REVIEW.

• What is the name of the nerve cell ?
• Does the stimulus travel one- way or down the
  neuron in two directions?
• Which part receives the stimuli? (The synapse,
  dendrites, cell body, or axon)
• Which is covered by a myelin sheath ?
• What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?

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IB2a.Sensory neurons orreceptors receive a
stimulus from

• eyes - sight
• ears - hearing
• nose - smell
• skin - touch
• mouth - taste

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2b. The Central Nervous System

• 1) Spinal Cord
• 2) Brain
• medulla for
• breathing
• cerebellum for
• balance
• cerebrum for
• higher thinking bw

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2c. Effectors that do actions are the

• Muscles
• voluntary use the somatic system
  
• involuntary use autonomic
• system
• Glands
• endocrine organs
• that make hormone messengers

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Cerebral Cortex higher thinking
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The real thing . . . . . . . .
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Parts of the Cerebrum
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Cerebellum old brain controls basic body
functions
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Right versus left Cerebrum
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Infrared Tools to Study the brain . . . .
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Schizophrenia a normal brain scan
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Any blow to the head does brain damage Example of
amnesia processing skills
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D. What is a synapse ?

• Junction of two neurons
• Neurotransmitters convert the electrical impulse
  into a chemical message

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E. The 2 types of nervous responses?

• a. Voluntary that use
• the brain
• spinal cord
• b. Involuntary or
• Autonomic System
• Sympathetic
• Parasympathetic

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The involuntary system Autonomic basic body
functions reflex arcs
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The Autonomic Nervous System
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REVIEW The Autonomic Nervous System...

• Automatic
• Two parts
• parasympathetic
• sympathetic
• Which is fight or flight response ?
• Which is ordinary involuntary body functions ?

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E2. Involuntary Reflex Arcs . . . .

• Use only spinal cord
• Do not go to the brain
• Follow the R-SIM pathway
• Examples
• knee jerk, eye blink,
• hot stove pull back

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R-SIM Reflex arc pathway . . .

• R
• receptor neuron receives the stimuli
• S
• sensory neuron passes the impulse on
• I
• interneuron at the spinal cord processes
• M
• motor neuron acts

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Is Pain part of the Reflex Arc ???
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The five types of receptors

• Are highly specialized
• Receive only one type of stimuli
• Can be overloaded when over stimulated

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Sensory Laboratory. . . . . . . . .

• PURPOSE
• Map the distance between touch receptors
• Measure the extent of peripheral vision
• Determine the effects of cone saturation
• Map the taste receptors
• Measure reflex timing

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Map of Taste Receptors . . . . B w

• bw

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References

• World Book Encyclopedia 99 software for hand out
  illustrations. IBM Software Corp.
• Encarta Encyclopedia 99 for multimedia slide
  presentations. Microsoft Corp.