Bluetooth Technology

1
Bluetooth Technology Applications Presented
By Steve Deutscher Director Product
Management Motorola
2
Agenda

• Brief History of Bluetooth
• Bluetooth SIG Involvement with Interoperability
  and Standardization
• Overview of Bluetooth Technology (hardware
  software components)
• Bluetooth Profile Definition and Discussion
• Usage Model Discussion
• Market Overview of Shipping Bluetooth Products
• Product Demonstratation
• Summary Discussion

3
Whats With the Name?

• Bluetooth is named after King Harold Blatand (or
  Bluetooth), a 10th Century Danish King who united
  large parts of Scandinavia which are today parts
  of Denmark and Norway. The name was chosen to
  highlight the potential for the technology to
  unify communication between mobile devices. The
  name was never intended to remain beyond the lab.
• Bluetooth was originally conceived by Ericsson as
  an alternative to cables for a mobile phone

4
Why Bother with Bluetooth?

• 70 of all calls start or end in the car. 85
  of users use cell phones in the car.
  TelematicsMost the major Car manufacturers are
  committed to Bluetooth in some 2004 model year
  cars.

Today 819 total products qualified, 38 are end
products, 24 phone models 2003 est 1300 total
products projected, 470 End user products, 40
phones models
5
What is Bluetooth?

• Open Standard for Short Range Wireless
  Connectivity
• Designed for Transmitting Data and Audio
  Wirelessly
• Uses Radio Frequency (RF) Technology in the
  Unlicensed 2.4Ghz ISM Frequency Band.
• Initial Target Applications include PC PDA
  Peripherals, Wireless Audio Data, Data
  Synchronization, In-Vehicle (Telematics)
• Future Applications include Wireless Access
  Points, Healthcare, Industrial Applications,
  Cordless Telephony, Smart Appliances,
  Entertainment Wireless Gaming.
• Provides for Ad Hoc device Connection and Service
  Discovery
• Promises Lower Power Consumption and Lower Cost
  per Node Than Competing Wireless Technologies.

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Why Bluetooth?

• More Robust than Infrared (IrDA).
• RF based, not limited to line-of-sight.
• Supports 10 meter range (class 2), versus 1
  meter.
• Power Consumption
• Bluetooth provides several classes of operation
  that provide significant power advantages over
  other wireless alternatives such as 802.11
• Projected to be Less Costly Than 802.11 HomeRF.
• 802.11 HRF estimate is gt 25 per node,
  Bluetooth target is lt 5 when embedded in
  volume.
• Bluetooth costs will start declining sharply 1st
  half 2003.

7
Why Not Bluetooth?

• Range
• 802.11 WLAN HomeRF provide greater connection
  distance
• Data Rate
• Bluetooth today provides 1Mbps raw data rate,
  lower than competing technologies, 802.11b
  (11Mbps), 802.11a (54Mbps)
• Hyped expectations have damaged its credibility
• Available 2 years latter than expected
• Interoperability problems with early products
• Interference from other products in the ISM band
• Future Technologies Promise Lower Power, Lower
  Latency
• wireless USB

8
Why ISM at 2.4 GHz?

• The ISM band at 2.4 GHz fits the Bluetooth goals
  of
• global applicability
• low power
• high aggregate capacity
• The overriding reason for the selection of the
  2.4 GHz band is that it is one of the few bands
  that is truly available globally
• Bluetooth implements a frequency hopping scheme
  to minimize the effects of interference (FHSS)
• 79, 1 MHz channels
• 1600 hops per second
• ARQ and FEC schemes are part of the standard

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(No Transcript)
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Bluetooth SIG
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Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)

• Founded in 1998 with Charter to Promote
  Widespread Commercial Acceptance of Bluetooth
  Wireless Technology
• Not-For-Profit Trade Association, Bluetooth SIG,
  Inc.
• Requires Members to Accept SIG Legal and Trade
  Mark License Agreements
• Bluetooth SIG Members
• Promoter Members Ericsson, Nokia, Toshiba,
  Intel, IBM, Motorola, 3COM, Microsoft, Lucent
  (now Agere Systems)
• Associate / Adopter Members Over 2,000 Companies
• Associate Members pay 7,000 (lt100M in rev)
• 40,000 (gt100M in rev) per year
• Adopter Member pays no fees but cannot
  participate in Working Groups and Expert Groups

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Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)

• Bluetooth (SIG) Maintains Product Core
  Specification and Profile Specifications
• Specs can be found at www.bluetooth.com
• SIG Coordinates Un-PlugFest Sessions for Testing
  Interoperability
• Unplugfest-10 held in San Francisco February 10th
  14th
• Sponsers Bluetooth Developers Conference
• Dec 12th 14th in San Jose, CA
• Administers the Bluetooth Qualification Program
• Policy Making is handled by the Bluetooth
  Qualification Review Board (BQRB)
• Policy Execution is Handled by a Bluetooth
  Qualification Administrator (BQA), responsible to
  the BQRB
• Testing and Reporting is Handled by a Bluetooth
  Qualification Test Facility (BQTF) currently 15
  recognized by SIG
• Product Listing is Handled by a Bluetooth
  Qualification Body (BQB) after product meets
  specification 33 recognized

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Bluetooth SIG Delegation
Bluetooth SIG
Bluetooth Qualification Review Board (BQRB)
Bluetooth Qualification Test Facility
(BQTF)
Bluetooth Technical Advisory Board (BTAB)
Bluetooth Qualification Administrator (BQA)
Bluetooth Qualification Body (BQB)
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Bluetooth Architecture Overview
15
Bluetooth Technical Overview

• BT supports 1 Mbit/sec data rates divided
  between data and voice channels.
• Capable of supporting one asymmetric data channel
  and up to 3 voice channels or one channel
  supporting both voice and data.
• Effective Asymmetric Data Rate is 780K (721K up,
  56K down) or 432.6K symmetric data rate.
• Networks of BT Devices are supported, Piconet (1
  to 8 devices 1 master up to 7 slave devices),
  multiple Piconets (Scatternets) also supported in
  BT specification.
• BT Supports 3 Output Power Classes
• BT Supports Multiple Power Saving Modes Hold,
  Sniff, Park

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Bandwidth

• The raw Bluetooth data rate is 1Mbit/s
• Bandwidth required for packet overheads , access
  code, header etc
• Optimise by using larger slot packets
• Same overhead, more payload

17
Slot based

• The air interface supports multi-slot packets
• The lightest SCO (voice link) reserves every 3rd
  slot
• Significantly reduced throughput

18
The Piconet

• Point to Multipoint
• 1 master with up to a maximum of 7 active slaves
• A Piconet can have many slaves in Park mode
• Any member of a Piconet can be part of another
  Piconet (Scatternet)

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Power Classes

• Bluetooth allows for different classes of
  transmitter output power

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• Power saving modes
• To ensure that connected devices do not remain
  Active at all times 3 power savings modes have
  been defined
• HOLD
• SNIFF
• PARK
• Allows for large networks to be formed with
  Active devices selected only when required.

21
Hold mode

• In Hold mode a slave is required to temporarily
  halt transmission
• Hold mode is typically used when a Master is
  establishing a link with a new device

22
Sniff mode

• In Sniff mode a slave enters a low duty cycle
  mode of operation
• but is still an active member of the piconet
• Master can only transmit after sniff interval

23
Park mode

• In Park mode a slave enters a low duty cycle mode
  of operation
• and is no longer an active member of the piconet

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Voice and Data

• The air interface supports two basic bearer type
• Asynchronous ConnectionLess (ACL) - Data
• packet switching
• asynchronous, (a)symmetric services
• polling access scheme
• Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) - Audio
• circuit switched
• symmetric synchronous services
• slot reservation at fixed intervals

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Mode of operation

• The Bluetooth specification includes modes of
  operation that allow devices to find other
  devices and be found
• Inquiry mode
• allows for a device to discover the Bluetooth
  device addresses of other Bluetooth devices that
  are within range
• Inquiry Scan mode
• makes a device available to be discovered
• Active mode
• The device is continuously active (always
  discoverable)
• The Bluetooth specification also allows filters
  to be specified thus limiting the discoverability
  of devices

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Establishing a connection

• The Bluetooth specification includes modes of
  operation that allow devices to perform a
  connection to any devices found during an
  inquiry.
• Page mode
• Allows a connection to be established
• Page Scan mode
• makes a connection possible
• Private devices need not enter Inquiry Scan mode
  at all, a device pre-programmed with a specific
  Bluetooth address can bypass inquiry and go
  straight to paging

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Master slave switch

• The Bluetooth Specification defines a mechanism
  whereby the Bluetooth device that is the master
  of a link can be changed
• The master slave switch can be initiated by
  either the master
• or the slave

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The challenges for co-existing networks

• If networks are to coexist successfully they need
  to achieve
• Connection time
• Data rates
• Quality of service (particularly audio quality)
• Ease of use
• Some functions will still be best served by
  wires!

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Typical Bluetooth Module
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Other Components - Active

• LNA
• Used to improve the receive sensitivity
• NF lt 2dB
• G 10 to 15dB
• Integrated or discrete solutions are available
• PA
• Used for Class 1 operation
• Around 20-30dB gain required, with 23dBm
  saturated power

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Evolution of Bluetooth Hardware Modules
Die Shrink Integration
Today
2nd Half 2003
1st Half of 2003
BC02 49CSP
7x7x1.0mm ( Antenna)
10x10x1.0mm ( Antenna)
15x15x1.4mm ( Antenna)
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Protocol Overview
33
Protocol Layers
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Link Control

• Link Control hardware implements the RF,
  Baseband, Link Manger portions of the BT
  specification.
• Establishes Connections, error control, and
  authentication
• Performs low level device discovery, link setup
  configuration
• Link managers on separate devices communicate via
  Link Management Protocol
• Provides Host Control Interface (HCI) connection
• Host Controller Interface
• Used to isolate BT hardware from transport
  protocol such as RS-232, USB, UART, SPI

35
Link Protocols

• L2CAP Protocol (Logical Link Control Adaptation
  Protocol)
• Provides interface to link controller
• Provides protocol multiplexing, segmentation
  re-assembly of packets, negotiation QOS between
  devices
• Lower priority than LMP packets
• Telephony Control Protocol (TCS)
• Provides voice and data control, group
  management, and connectionless control
• Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)
• Provides means for determining what BT services
  are available on a specific devices
• RFCOMM
• Simple transport protocol providing serial data
  transfer

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Bluetooth Profile Product Overview
37
Profile Structure

• The Bluetooth profile structure contains
  numerous dependencies as depicted in this
  Figure.
• A profile is dependent upon another profile if
  it re-uses parts of that profile, by implicitly
  or explicitly referencing it.
• A profile has dependencies on the profile(s) in
  which it is contained directly and indirectly.

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Bluetooth Profiles
Description - Uses
Version
Function / Profile
Required Profiles Service Discovery, Generic
Access
1.1
Bluetooth Core (SDP, GAP)
Wireless Headsets, Wireless Carkits, Cellphones
1.1
Headset
Wireless Data Access / PCs, PDA, CellPhones
1.1
Dialup Networking (DUN)
Wireless Fax Capability / PCs, PDA, CellPhones
1.1
Fax
Wireless Synchronization (phonebook, calendar,
notes)
1.1
Synchronization (IrMC4 based)
Cordless Phone Usage In Home Enterprise
1.1
Cordless Telephony (CTP)
Used by file transfer and Synch Profiles
1.1
Generic Object Exchange (GOEP)
Computer, PDA
1.1
File Transfer (FTP)
Automotive Applications, Speaker Phone, Headset
0.96
Handsfree (HFP)
Still Camera
0.95c
Basic Imaging (BIP)
Wireless Printing
0.95a
Printing (BPP)
Automotive
0.95
SIM Access (SAP)
Stereo Headset, A/V Usage
0.95
Audio Distribution/Remote Control
Automotive, Distributed Computing
0.95
Phone Access (PAP)
Keyboards, Mice, Remotes, Scanners
Human Interface (HID)
0.95
Ad Hoc Networking
0.95
Personal Network Access (PAN)
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Shipping Phone Products
Nokia

• 8910
• Spec 1.1
• Headset AG
• DUN GW
• Fax GW
• Handsfree 0.96
• GSM GPRS 900/1800
• 6310i
• Spec 1.1
• Headset AG
• OPP Client
• OPP Server
• DUN GW
• Fax GW
• Handsfree AG
• GSM GPRS 900/1800/1900

• 6310
• Spec 1.1
• Headset AG
• OPP Client
• OPP Server
• DUN GW
• Fax GW
• GSM GPRS 900/1800
• 7650
• Spec 1.1
• OPP Client
• OPP Server
• FTP Server
• DUN GW
• Fax GW

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Motorola

• T280i
• Spec 1.1
• Headset AG
• OPP Client
• OPP Server
• DUN GW
• Fax GW
• HFP 0.96
• GSM GPRS 900/1800/1900

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Philips

• Fisio 820 - (Cellon)
• Spec 1.1
• Headset AG
• OPP Client
• OPP Server
• DUN GW
• Fax GW
• GSM GPRS 900/1800

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SonyEricsson

• P80x
• Spec 1.1
• Headset AG
• OPP Client
• OPP Server
• DUN GW
• GSM 900/1800/1900
• T68i
• Spec 1.0b
• Headset AG
• Sync Server
• OPP Client
• OPP Server
• DUN GW
• Fax GW
• Handsfree AG
• GSM 900/1800/1900

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Sharp

• SH2101V
• Spec 1.1
• OPP Client
• OPP Server
• DUN GW
• WCDMA
• SHP0006
• Spec 1.1
• OPP Client
• OPP Server
• DUN GW
• PHS

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Computers (DUN, FAX, FTP, GOEP, LAN)
Compaq EVO N400-C
IBM

• Sony Vaio

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Cameras PDAs

• Cameras (BIP)
• Sony DSC-FX77(available Nov 2003)
• PDAs
• Toshiba Pocket PC E570 Toshiba Bluetooth SDIO
• IPAQ 3910
• Palm

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Wireless Headsets (Headset Profile migrating to
Handsfree Profile)
Motorola BTHS Nokia HDW-2
BlueSpoon Jabra
BT-300
Ericsson
HBH-60
Ericsson HBH-30
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Computer Peripherals

• Bluetooth enabled USB dongles PC Cards (TDK,
  Xircom, 3COM and many more)

• Bluetooth enabled Keyboards, Mice printer
  adapters (Logitech, Microsoft, HP etc) Serial
  HID profile support

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Summary

• Bluetooth got off to a slow start but Momentum is
  Building
• Key Revenue Generators Today are Audio related
  (Headsets In-Vehicle Applications) and Data
  Related
• Currently 819 Qualified Products listed on the
  SIG web site, more added daily
• For Further BT V1.1 Specification and Profile
  details, go to www.bluetooth.com