PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF TISSUE GROWTH Professor Yu.I. Bondarenko

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF TISSUE GROWTHProfessor Yu.I.
Bondarenko
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PLAN

• 1.Tumor, it pathophysiological characteristic
• 2. ?tiology of tumor
• 3. Conception of oncogene
• 4. Stages of cancerogenesis

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Definition of tumor

• Tumor - typical pathological process in
  appearance of tissue growth up is characterized
  with potential unlimited growth, growth
• unregulation and atypic cells anaplasia

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Pathophysiologicalcharacteristic of tumor

• Anlimited of growth
• Anregulation of growth
• Anaplasia of tumor cells

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Methods of tumor cultivation

• 1. Transplantation
• 2. Explantation
• Transplantion stains
• 1. Erlich ?arcinoma in mise
• 2. Crocer ?arcinoma in mise
• 3. S?rcoma M-1 in rats
• 4. Carcinoma Braun-Pirs in rabbit
• Explantation stains
• 1. Cells of HeLa- cervix cancer

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Kinds of cellular ?n?plasia

• 1. ??rphological
• 2. Biochemical
• 3. Physic-chemical
• 4. Functional
• 5. Immunological

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Morphological anaplasia

• Polymorphism of cells
• Increase of relation nucleus /cytoplasma
• Multinucleonic
• Hyperchromatosis of nucleuses
• Increase of quantity nucleoles
• Changes of cell ?rganels

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Changes of mitochondrias

• Decrease of amount
• Decrease of sizes
• Refinition of mitochondriale membranes
• Decrease of amount crest
• Refinition of crest

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Biochemical ?naplasiaFeatures of protein
metabolism

• 1. Dysfermentosis
• 2. Unification of isoenzymic spectr
• 3. Activation of nucleonic acids synthesis
• 4. Activation DNA-polymerase
• 5. Increase of protein synthesis
• 6. Decrease of protein catabolism

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Biochemical ?naplasiaEnergy supply

• 1. Activation of anaerobic glycolysis
• 2. Present of aerobic glycolysis
• 3. Activation of glycolic enzymes
• - pyruvatkinase
• - hexokinase
• - fruitkinase
• 4. Inhibition of Krebs cycle

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Physic-Chemical ?naplasia

• Acidosis
• Intracellular hydration
• Accumulation of potassium
• Increase of electroconductivity
• Decrease of colloid viscosity
• Increase of membranes charge
• Decrease of surfase tension

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Immunological ?naplasia

• Antigen admission
• Antigen divergence
• Antigen reversion

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Chemical carcinogens

• 1. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
• 3,4-benzopyrine
• 1,2,5,6-dibenzoantracene
• 9,10-dimethyl-1,2- benzoantracene
• 20- methylcholantren
• 2. Aromatic ?mines and amides
• mono?z?benzol
• 2-?minofluoren
• 2-naphtylamine
• chlornaphthisine
• benzidine

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• 3. Nitrosamines and nitrosamides
• N,N-dimethylnitrosamine
• N-nitrosopyrolidine
• N-nitrosomethyl?niline
• N-nitrosomorpholine
• N-methyl- N-nitrosourine

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Formation of carcinogenes

• Precarcinogene
• ?
• Proximal
• carcinogene
• ?
• Final carcinogene

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VIRAL carcinogenesis

• ANIMALS
• 1. Rauss sarcoma in hen - 1910
• 2. Shope fibroma in rabbits - 1932
• 3. Shope papilloma in rabbits - 1934
• 4. B?ttner milk factor - 1936
• PEOPLE
• 1. Burkitt? lymphoma Central ?frica
• 2. Nasopharyngeal cancer Chine
• 3. Cervix cancer

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Activation of protooncogene

• Point mutations
• Chromosomal translocation
• Viral transduction
• Insertion of genetic material
• Amplification of genes

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Stages of carcinogenesis

• Transformation - expression of cell oncogene
• Promotion - division cells
• Progression- development of tumor in a way of
  malignisation

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