???(genome):

1
??? ?????????
2
???(genome)
???????,????????????????
?? 22? X, Y, ??????
??????
?????????????????????????
????????????????
3
??? ?????
??????????????
??()???mRNA???? ??(-)???mRNA????
4
??????????
HBV3.2kb ???300 kb
1.?????????
2.???????
DNA ?RNA ????? ??????????
3.???????,?????
????? ????8???RNA
4.????gt90(???)
5
5. ?????,??????????
6..?????????? (????)
7.?????? ?????????????
8.?????
9.?????????
????????. mRNA5'??????.
?????????????
6
???????????
1. SV40?????
7
????DNA5243bp
?????????(2???? t,T)
???(?400bp)?????,???,???
???????????????mRNA
VP1 mRNA
AUG ??VP2? VP3?
VP2 mRNA
VP3?VP2N??1/3
VP3 mRNA
8
(No Transcript)
9
2??????(retroviruses)
(1)????
??()?RNA?2???,?????
5'?-R-U5-PB--DLS-?-gag-pol-env-(onc-)-
C-PB-U3-R-poly(A)n
?????????????RNA?????????tRNA
10
A?????????????3???????
gag ?????? pol ?????,??????,???????
????? env ????
B???? ?????????????
A R? ???????,?cDNA???? B ?????(primer
binding site, PB) C U? U3 ?????,????RNA.
U5 ???????polyA?? D DLS-?-C?
DLS????()RNA????? ?
????RNA?????? C ???.
11
(2)????????????
A???????????????????DNA???????.
RNA??
DNA???
RNA??
(cDNA)
??????????(U3-R-U5)
????????(LTR) long
terminal repeat
B??
????mRNA
gag-------------------pol(??????)
12
90 ??gag?? 10??gag- pol ?? ?????env mRNA
13
??? ???????
??????????????
1?????????DNA??
2??????????.
3????????
????????????????,????????? ??????????????????.
4????????.
5???????,????
6????????????
gtgt ????? ltlt
?????
14
7???????????
8???????????(isogene)
9??????DNA??
10????????????
???????? ????????
????(plasmid)
?????????????DNA??
???????DNA(covalent closed circular DNA, cccDNA)
1????? ?????
2????????
15
(1).?????? ????????
?????(ori) Rep?? Rep?????ori, ????
??????? Cop?? ????
(2).???? ??????????????????.
(3). ???????? ??????,???????? ????
(4).???????? ??? ??
(???) (???)
(5) ??????? ????????????????????? ??????,??????.
16
????? ????
??????
?????????????????????????????
????(replicator) ????? ????
17
??????(transposable element)
?????DNA ?"????(jumping gene)"
??? ???
1940s, ????????(Cold Spring Harber Lab)
?????B.McClintock(??1983?????????)????????.
1.?????
????(insertion sequence, IS) ??(?)?(transposon,
Tn) ???Mu ? D108
18
??,???lt 2000 bp ????????
(1)????
????
A ?????????????(IR,?? ?????. B ??????????. C
???????????????. D ????? ?? , ??.
19
(2).???(Tn)
???????? , ??? gt2000 bp
?????(???) ???????????
??
A??? ???? ???(IS ??IS??) (?3-5)
??????
????????
20
B TnA????IS.(?(Tn3) ).
???????(TnpR)
?-????
????
????
???(TnpA)
????
Tn3 ?????
C??? G() ?????,?????????.?? ???????
21
2????????(?3-7)
????(????) ?????
22
(No Transcript)
23
??? ???????
? ???
1?. ??? ????? ??? ?????
2????????,????, ???????
3?mRNA?????.
4????????.
5???????90??.
6????????(spacer DNA),???????(split gene)
????,???.
7???????????????????
24
8????????.
????????????. ???????? ?????RNA??(?3-8)
25
??????(gene family)? ?????
?????,?????????, ??????????
??? ????????(???),?? ??
????????
5??? H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4
5???????????????,??????????
?? H1-H4-H2B-H3-H2A ?? H2B- H2A- H4- H3-
H1 ?? H1-H3-H2B-H2A-H4
26
???????(gene superfamily) ? ?????
?????????????,?????????
???????????
??????? ???? ?????
??????????? ????
???
27
??????
1.?????? ???? gt105 2.?????? ????
101-105,??????35 ( rRNA gene, tRNA
gene, ???gene ) 3.????? ??????????. ??????
?????.