Pontif

1
ACTIVE SHUNT FILTER FOR HARMONIC MITIGATION IN
WIND TURBINES GENERATORSFILTRO ATIVO PARALELO
PARA MITIGAÇÃO DE CORRENTES HARMÔNICAS EM
GERADORES DE TURBINAS EÓLICAS

• Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do
  Sul Laboratório de Eletrônica de Potência LEPUC

Reinaldo Tonkoski Jr., Fernando Soares dos Reis,
Jorge Villar Alé and Fabiano Daher Adegas
Syed Islam and Kelvin Tan,
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Table of Contents

• INTRODUCTION
• OBJECTIVE
• WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM
• ACTIVE SHUNT FILTER
• POWER LOSSES
• SIMULATION RESULTS
• CONCLUSIONS

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INTRODUCTION

• Wind power is the most rapidly-growing means of
  electricity generation at the turn of the 21st
  century. Global installed capacity has raised 20
  in 2004
• Direct-driven wind turbine multi-pole permanent
  magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and
  three-phase bridge rectifier with a bulky
  capacitor

4
INTRODUCTION

• Non-linear characteristic harmonic current
  content flows into the PMSG
• Increase PMSG losses and temperature

5
OBJECTIVE
- Analysis and simulation of an active shunt
filter (ASF) for harmonic mitigation in wind
turbines generators.
6
WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM(WECS)
Dynamic Model Variable-speed, direct driven wind
turbine.
7
PMSG WAVEFORMS - BRIDGE RECTIFIER WITH BULKY
CAPACITOR (NO ASF)
WECS full load condition 12 m/s (20 kW
resistive load, Clink5000uF, RL6.5 O, VL360 V)
PMSG output currents and line to line voltage
div. by 4.
8
PMSG HARMONICS - BRIDGE RECTIFIER WITH BULKY
CAPACITOR (NO ASF)
WECS full load condition wind speed 12 m/s (20
kW resistive load, Clink5000uF, RL6.5 O, VL360
V)
Phase Current
Line Voltage
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3-PHASE ACTIVE SHUNT FILTER
Control filter current to actively shape the
source current is into the sinusoid.
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ASF CONTROL CIRCUITS
REFERENCE CURRENTS

• Calculate harmonic currents
• Regulate voltage on the capacitor CDC.

d-q Synchronous Reference Frame
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ASF CONTROL CIRCUITS
d-q Synchronous Reference Frame
REFERENCE CURRENTS
?SRF by mechanical angular speed ?m
Low-Pass Filter
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ASF CONTROL CIRCUITS
CURRENT CONTROL BY PWM CARRIER STRATEGY

• Control current iF in order to inject the
  calculated reference currents.

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ASF PASSIVE POWER COMPONENTES DESIGN
LC filter cutoff frequency
Maximum slope of load current iNL
Maximum accepted voltage ripple ?vDCmax
LF, CDC and C can be adjusted based on simulation
results.
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POWER LOSSES CALCULATION
Power Losses
PMSG Losses
ASF Losses
Bridge Rectifier
Diode
Copper
Passive
Core
IGBT
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SIMULATION PARAMETERS
WECS Dynamic Model Implemented on Software
PSIM 20 kW
Parameter Description Value
LF Inductor Filter 1.5mH
C Capacitor Filter 3.9mF
fPWM PWM Carrier Frequency 20 kHz
CDC ASF DC Capacitor 10000 mF
vDC ASF DC Voltage 500 V
Clink Rectifier Bridge Link Capacitor 5000 mF
Rload Resistance Load 6.5 O
D Turbine Rotor Diameter 10 m
J Turbine Inertia 1500 kg.m2
B Friction Coefficient 20 N s/rad
Ld PMSG d-axis Inductance 5.24 mH
Lq PMSG q-axis Inductance 5.24 mH
RA PMSG Stator Resistance 0.432 O
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SIMULATION RESULTS
WECS full load condition 12 m/s wind speed (20
kW resistive load, Clink5000uF, RL6.5 O, VL360
V)
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SIMULATION RESULTS
WECS full load condition 12 m/s wind speed (20
kW resistive load, Clink5000uF, RL6.5 O, VL360
V)
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SIMULATION RESULTS
WECS full load condition 12 m/s wind speed (20
kW resistive load, Clink5000uF, RL6.5 O, VL360
V)
THD2.60
Phase Current
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SIMULATION RESULTS
WECS full load condition 12 m/s wind speed (20
kW resistive load, Clink5000uF, RL6.5 O, VL360
V)
THD20.77
Line Voltage
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SIMULATION RESULTS
WECS full load condition 12 m/s wind speed (20
kW resistive load, Clink5000uF, RL6.5 O, VL360
V)
PMSG Losses
Topology Copper Losses (W) Core Losses (W) Friction Windage (W) Total (W) ? ()
BR 2318.93 180.82 120 2619.75 88.42
ASF 2790.24 150.73 120 3060.97 86.73
ASF Losses
IGBT Losses (W) LF Losses (W) C Losses (W) CDC Losses (W) Total (W)
199.44 284.66 0.2166 116.00 600.33
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SIMULATION RESULTS
WECS full load condition 12 m/s wind speed (20
kW resistive load, Clink5000uF, RL6.5 O, VL360
V)
Electrical Losses
Topology PMSG Total (W) ASF Total (W) Rectifier Total (W) Efficiency ()
BR 2619.75 0 95.16 88.05
ASF 3199.92 603.03 211.82 84.74
WECS Efficiency
Topology Aerodynamical () Electrical () Overall ()
BR 43.26 88.05 38.09
ASF 43.88 84.74 37.18
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CONCLUSIONS

• The use of active shunt filter in wind energy
  generation systems for harmonic mitigation was
  analyzed and computationally simulated.
• The ASF is able to mitigate harmonic content of
  current that flows on the permanent magnet
  synchronous generator.
• A capacitor bank filter was used to suppress
  high-switching frequency voltage component
  generated by the ASF on generator terminals.

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CONCLUSIONS

• The d-q SRF synchronization using the angular
  rotor speed had worked, and its physical
  implementation using sensors must be
  investigated.
• The ASF could diminish voltage core losses.
  Although, PMSG efficiency is lower because copper
  losses are higher when using ASF.
• Overall wind energy conversion system efficiency
  is lower as well, so the use of ASF could be
  justified if only the PMSG generator could have a
  larger life cycle.

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Obrigado!