The Properties

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Chapter 3
The Properties of Matter
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What is matter?

• Matter has volume
• The space an object occupies
• Measured in Liters (L) for liquids and gases
• Measured in cubic meters (m3) for solids
• 1 mL 1 cm3
• Example
• A basketball has more volume than a bowling ball

• Matter has mass
• The amount of matter in an object
• Measured in grams (g)
• Example
• A bowling ball has more mass than a basketball

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Measuring Volume

• Liquid volume is expressed in Liters.
• We measure by pouring the liquid into a graduated
  cylinder.
• The measurement is read from the bottom of the
  meniscus.

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Measuring Volume (continued)

• Volumes of solids are expressed in cubic
  meters.(cm3 m3 km3)
• Volume Length x Width x Height

Height 5 m
Width 2 m
Length 10 m
Volume 100 m3
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Measuring Volume (continued)

• The volume of irregular shaped objects is found
  by placing the object in water and measuring the
  amount of water that is displaced.
• The original volume of the water is 7 ml.
• The new volume with the rock is 9 ml.
• The volume of the displaced water is 2 ml.
• What is the volume of the rock?
• 2 cm3
• 1 mL 1 cm3 for water

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Mass vs Weight

• Mass
• Mass is the amount of matter in an object
• Mass never changes
• Same on the moon as on Earth
• Measured in grams (g or kg)
• Measured using a triple-beam balance

• Weight
• Weight is a measure of gravitational force on an
  object
• Changes when gravity is different
• You weigh less on the moon because gravity is
  less
• Measured in newtons (N)
• 1 N 100 g
• Measured using a spring scale

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Weight on other planets

• Planet Weight (N) Weight ( pounds)
• Mercury 164 N 36 lbs
• Venus 400 N 88 lbs
• Earth 445 N 100 lbs
• Mars 169 N 37 lbs
• Jupiter 1170 N 258 lbs
• Saturn 502 N 110 lbs
• Uranus 351 N 77 lbs
• Neptune 498 N 109 lbs
• Pluto 22 N 5 lbs

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Properties of matter
Section 2

• Physical Properties can be measured without
  changing its identity
• Physical properties describe what an object looks
  or feels like

• Density
• State ( what temperature does it melt or boil)
• Conducts heat or electricity
• Malleable ( can be pounded into thin sheets)
• Ductile ( can be drawn into wires)
• Color, smell, mass, shape, texture, volume

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Density

• Density
• The amount of matter in a given volume
• Excellent for identifying materials because very
  few materials will have the same density
• Units are g/mL or g/cm3 (same except
  g/cm3 is used to describe a solid)

• Densities of common Substances
• Substance Density
• Helium 0.0001663 g/mL
• Oxygen 0.001331 g/mL
• Water 1.0 g/mL
• Iron 5.02 g/mL
• Silver 10.5 g/mL
• Gold 19.32 g/mL

Anything with a density of more than 1 g/mL will
sink in water.
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Calculating Density

• Formula

grams
milliliters
Cubic centimeters
mass
g/mL
g/cm3
density
volume
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Calculating Density

• Example
• 750 g of a substance has a volume of 150 cm3.
  What is the density?

750 g
150 cm3
g/cm3
mass
divide
?
density
volume
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Calculating Density

• Example
• What is the mass of 400 mL of a substance with a
  density of 0.5 g/mL?

400 mL
g
0.5 g/mL
?
mass
density
volume
multiply
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Calculating Density

• Example
• 52 g of a substance has a density of 4 g/mL.
  What is the volume?

52 g
4 g/mL
mL
mass
divide
?
density
volume
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Physical Properties Example..
Physical Properties of Gold -metallic yellow
color, very soft - melting point 10640C,
boiling point 29700C - excellent
conductivity - very malleable and ductile
- density 19.3 g/mL

• Color, smell, mass, hardness, shape, texture,
  volume
• State ( what temperature does it melt or boil)
• Conducts heat or electricity
• Malleable ( can be pounded into thin sheets)
• Ductile ( can be drawn into wires)
• Density

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Chemical Properties
Section 3

• Chemical Properties describe a substance based on
  its ability to change
• Cannot be measured/ observed without changing the
  substance into a new material (with new
  properties)

• Reacts to water
• Like alka seltzer
• Reacts to oxygen
• Rusting
• Reacts to other substances
• Acids, bleach etc

Flammability
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Physical Vs Chemical Changes

• Physical changes are reversible
• Changing state
• Melting, freezing
• Adjusting mass, shape or volume
• Breaking, cutting, bending

• Chemical changes cannot be reversed by physical
  means
• A new substance is created with new properties
• Cooked egg cannot become raw again
• Ash cannot be reassembled into paper

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Clues that a Chemical Changes is occurring

• Change in Energy
• Heat and/or light produced
• Instant ice pack (absorbs heat), photo paper
  (absorbs light)

• Color change
• Burnt toast, bleach
• Gas formation
• Smoking, Bubbling (soda)
• Change in smell
• Rotten food, B.O.

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• PHYSICAL
• can be measured without changing its identity
• Properties like
• Color, melting point, boiling point, malleable,
  ductile, density, conducts heat or electricity
• Changes like
• Melting, freezing, boiling, bending, breaking

• CHEMICAL
• describes a substance based on its ability to
  change into another substance
• Properties like
• Reacts with water, reacts with oxygen, reacts
  with acid
• Changes like
• Cooking, burning, rusting, spoiling
• Clues like
• Color change, gas formation, change in smell,
  change in energy