Career Counseling

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Career Counseling
- Rajeeve Ranjan
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General Introduction, Theories of Career
Counseling, Process of Career Counseling.
CHAPTER REVIEW
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Work determines status, level of income, and
standard of living. It influences self-concept
and feeling of values, worth and personal
identity.
If work is enjoyed, it can be a source of need
satisfaction, self-esteem, happiness,prestige,
and healthy adjustment. If it isdisliked or
dreaded, it can lead to worry,stress,
frustration, physical illness, andpsychological
and social maladjustment.
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Theories of Career Choice

• Trait Theory,
• Structural Theory,
• Developmental
• Theory,
• Decision Making
• Theory.

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Trait Theory
Williamson 1955 Essence of individual
differences theory. Each person possesses a
uniquely organized pattern of traits- interest,
abilities, and personality characteristics.
Different types of work are differentially
related to an individuals unique pattern of
traits.
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• A major task of the career counselor oriented
  toward
• trait theory is to assist people in making
  better-
• decisions.
• Helping a person-
• become more knowledgeable about personal traits
• through objective test information,
• learn more about job requirements through the
• occupational information,
• match personal characteristics with job
  requirement,
• through counseling.

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Structural Theory

• Holland - 1966
• Career choice is also concerned with emotional
• functioning, creativity, and personal
  development.
• Career choice is an expression of personality
• career interest is comprise a distinct aspect
• of personality.
• A persons career/occupation is not just
• an isolated aspect of life,
• It is a way of life,
• It helps to define social status, life style,
• and standard of living

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• people choose those work environments in
• which their skills, abilities, attitudes, and
  values
• are accepted and valued. Similarly, they avoid
• environments that are incongruent with their
  personalities.
• A persons behavior is a function of the
  interaction between
• his or her personality structure and the work
  environment.

• A persons need can be arranged in a hierarchy
• according to their needs.

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• Ann Roe(1956),
• there are definite personality deference between
• members of various occupations,
• The differences are attributable to early parent-
• child relationships.
• Three psychological climate in the home
• Emotional concentration on the child(
  overprotective
• or overdemonding),
• 2.Avoidance of the child( neglecting or
  rejecting),
• 3.Acceptance of the child (casual or loving).

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Two types of any occupation Person
Oriented Task Oriented
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Sub-division of any group
High-level Professional Managerial
? Mid-level Professional Managerial
? Semiprofessional small
Business ?
Skilled , ?
Semi skilled ?
Unskilled
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• Developmental
  theory
• Career choice is a developmental process
• involving a serious of decisions that extend
• over many years. There are many sets of variables
  as
• Individual values, attitudes beliefs,
• Emotional factors,
• Nature of an individuals education,
• 4.Reality factors.

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• Series of three stages as
• Fantasy - 10-12 years,
• Tentative- till 16 years,
• Reality - 17 or 18 years- starting point

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Behavioral theory
Krumboltz - 1973 Totally based on conditioning
theory. A relationship between an individual and
his environment.
Decision-Making Theory, It is closely related to
Behavioral Theory.
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• The Process of Career Counseling
• Client Assessment,
• Personal information,
• Family Experience,
• Educational Experience,
• Occupational Experience,
• Occupational Assessment,
• What occupation Offer

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The End
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Thank You