TRANSPORTATION - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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TRANSPORTATION

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Title: TRANSPORTATION


1
TRANSPORTATION
2
Exploring Our World
  • Humans have needed transportation since the first
    man walked the earth
  • Around 3500 BC the wheel was invented in Middle
    east
  • Horses, horse-drawn wagons were the early form of
    transportation
  • By late 1400s boat were used by Phoenicians and
    Scandinavians for exploration
  • Steam engine came into used during industrial
    revolution
  • Today ---- we have SST (supersonic transport)
    Concorde
  • Entering a new age of space exploration

3
WORLD A Global Village
  • Fast cheap transportation has brought people
    and their culture closer to others
  • Transportation technology has made Tourism
    possible
  • People must commute or travel on a regular basis
    to get to work
  • Suburbs have grown around cities

4
Recourses for Transportation
  • Energy
  • Earlier form uses wind, human or animal power
    etc. Now its Internal Combustion engine using
    gasoline or electrical motors using electricity
    with Transmission or drive
  • People
  • Information
  • Design of transportation sys., Information about
    Road signs, routes, communication systems
  • Materials
  • Composites and advanced materials are extensively
    used now a days
  • Tools and Machines
  • Support and maintenance equipment
  • Capital
  • Building ports, airports, roadways and cars,
    airplanes are costly
  • Time
  • Travel time depends on distance and technology
    Mass transit, Airline scheduling etc.

5
Types of Transportation Systems
  • Transportation systems are alike in some senses
    and different in another
  • One carry people (cars, airplanes) other carry
    goods (oil pipe line, conveyors etc.)
  • Subsystems
  • Various subsystems can be joined together to form
    different systems e.g., diesel engine and
    floating hull can be put together to form a boat

6
Land Transportation
  • Steam powered vehicles
  • Nicolos-Joseph in 1769 first made a vehicle
    powered by steam engine
  • First railroad to use steam was opened in England
    in 1830
  • The engine used to pull the train up to 30
    miles/hour carrying both people and cargo.
  • The railroad network sprang during this period in
    USA also.
  • See page 431 Steam engine
  • By late 1800s train speeds reached 100 miles/hour
  • Gasoline powered vehicle
  • In 1876 Nickolas Otto invented the internal
    combustion engine based on gasoline. Chapter 14

7
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8
Land Transportation
  • Diesel Powered Vehicles
  • Diesel engine came around early 1900s
  • Similar to gasoline except for the spark plugs
  • Electric Vehicles
  • The concept of electric car is as old as steam
    engines (1839)
  • Main problem with electric cars is the low
    battery storage
  • Electric powered train use electrical lines to
    get power supply

9
Water Transportation
  • People have always traveled on streams, rivers
    and lakes.
  • What makes a boat float
  • Buoyancy (force pushing submerged objects
    upwards)
  • Buoyancy is equal to the weight of the water
    displaced by the water
  • If Buoyancy is equal to weight of the object, it
    will float on water
  • Steam Powered ships
  • In 1807, Robert Fulton build a ship powered by
    steam The Clermont
  • Modern Ships
  • Better hull design and engines made the ships
    faster.
  • In 1952 S.S. United States took only 3 days, 10
    hours and forty minutes to cross the Atlantic
  • Ship passenger travel has decreased over the
    years
  • However, ships still carry the most
    intercontinental freights from automobiles to
    Bananas

10
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11
Water Transportation
  • Submersibles
  • Submersibles or submarines can operate on or
    under water because they can change their
    buoyancy.
  • This is done filling in or out water into tanks
  • These submarine need withstand huge power
  • at 33 feet water exerts 14.7 lbs/in
  • at 66 feet water exerts 29.4 lbs/in (doubled)
  • Hydrofoil and air cushion vehicles
  • Hydrofoils or air cushion vehicles (ACVs) are the
    vehicles that raises up in the water as it goes
    faster, reducing water resistance as a result.
  • ACVs uses large fans to air under the boat
    lifting it on a cusion of air

12
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